Node.js和MongoDB的解决方案

因为我们知道MongoDB用来创建一个12字节的新ObjectId的格式。

一个4字节的值，表示从Unix纪元开始的秒数， 3字节的机器标识符， 2字节的进程id 一个3字节的计数器(在您的机器中)，从一个随机值开始。

示例(我选择一个随机序列) a1b2c3d4e5f6g7h8i9j1k2l3

a1b2c3d4表示自Unix纪元以来的秒数， 4e5f6g7表示机器标识符， H8i9表示进程号 J1k2l3表示计数器，从一个随机值开始。

由于计数器是唯一的，如果我们将数据存储在同一台机器上，我们可以毫无疑问地获得它，它将是重复的。

因此，短URL将是计数器，这里是一个代码片段，假设您的服务器运行正常。

const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const Schema = mongoose.Schema;

// Create a schema
const shortUrl = new Schema({
    long_url: { type: String, required: true },
    short_url: { type: String, required: true, unique: true },
  });
const ShortUrl = mongoose.model('ShortUrl', shortUrl);

// The user can request to get a short URL by providing a long URL using a form

app.post('/shorten', function(req ,res){
    // Create a new shortUrl */
    // The submit form has an input with longURL as its name attribute.
    const longUrl = req.body["longURL"];
    const newUrl = ShortUrl({
        long_url : longUrl,
        short_url : "",
    });
    const shortUrl = newUrl._id.toString().slice(-6);
    newUrl.short_url = shortUrl;
    console.log(newUrl);
    newUrl.save(function(err){
        console.log("the new URL is added");
    })
});

public class TinyUrl {
    
        private final String characterMap = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
        private final int charBase = characterMap.length();
    
        public String covertToCharacter(int num){
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    
            while (num > 0){
                sb.append(characterMap.charAt(num % charBase));
                num /= charBase;
            }
    
            return sb.reverse().toString();
        }
    
        public int covertToInteger(String str){
            int num = 0;
            for(int i = 0 ; i< str.length(); i++)
                num += characterMap.indexOf(str.charAt(i)) * Math.pow(charBase , (str.length() - (i + 1)));
    
            return num;
        }
}
    
class TinyUrlTest{
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TinyUrl tinyUrl = new TinyUrl();
        int num = 122312215;
        String url = tinyUrl.covertToCharacter(num);
        System.out.println("Tiny url:  " + url);
        System.out.println("Id: " + tinyUrl.covertToInteger(url));
    }
}

alphabet = map(chr, range(97,123)+range(65,91)) + map(str,range(0,10))

def lookup(k, a=alphabet):
    if type(k) == int:
        return a[k]
    elif type(k) == str:
        return a.index(k)


def encode(i, a=alphabet):
    '''Takes an integer and returns it in the given base with mappings for upper/lower case letters and numbers 0-9.'''
    try:
        i = int(i)
    except Exception:
        raise TypeError("Input must be an integer.")

    def incode(i=i, p=1, a=a):
        # Here to protect p.                                                                                                                                                                                                                
        if i <= 61:
            return lookup(i)

        else:
            pval = pow(62,p)
            nval = i/pval
            remainder = i % pval
            if nval <= 61:
                return lookup(nval) + incode(i % pval)
            else:
                return incode(i, p+1)

    return incode()



def decode(s, a=alphabet):
    '''Takes a base 62 string in our alphabet and returns it in base10.'''
    try:
        s = str(s)
    except Exception:
        raise TypeError("Input must be a string.")

    return sum([lookup(i) * pow(62,p) for p,i in enumerate(list(reversed(s)))])a

这是我的版本，给任何需要的人。

你是故意省略O 0和i的吗?

我刚刚基于Ryan的解决方案创建了一个PHP类。

<?php

    $shorty = new App_Shorty();

    echo 'ID: ' . 1000;
    echo '<br/> Short link: ' . $shorty->encode(1000);
    echo '<br/> Decoded Short Link: ' . $shorty->decode($shorty->encode(1000));


    /**
     * A nice shorting class based on Ryan Charmley's suggestion see the link on Stack Overflow below.
     * @author Svetoslav Marinov (Slavi) | http://WebWeb.ca
     * @see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/742013/how-to-code-a-url-shortener/10386945#10386945
     */
    class App_Shorty {
        /**
         * Explicitly omitted: i, o, 1, 0 because they are confusing. Also use only lowercase ... as
         * dictating this over the phone might be tough.
         * @var string
         */
        private $dictionary = "abcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz23456789";
        private $dictionary_array = array();

        public function __construct() {
            $this->dictionary_array = str_split($this->dictionary);
        }

        /**
         * Gets ID and converts it into a string.
         * @param int $id
         */
        public function encode($id) {
            $str_id = '';
            $base = count($this->dictionary_array);

            while ($id > 0) {
                $rem = $id % $base;
                $id = ($id - $rem) / $base;
                $str_id .= $this->dictionary_array[$rem];
            }

            return $str_id;
        }

        /**
         * Converts /abc into an integer ID
         * @param string
         * @return int $id
         */
        public function decode($str_id) {
            $id = 0;
            $id_ar = str_split($str_id);
            $base = count($this->dictionary_array);

            for ($i = count($id_ar); $i > 0; $i--) {
                $id += array_search($id_ar[$i - 1], $this->dictionary_array) * pow($base, $i - 1);
            }
            return $id;
        }
    }
?>

我的方法是:获取数据库ID，然后对其进行Base36编码。我不会同时使用大写字母和小写字母，因为这会使通过电话传输这些url成为一场噩梦，但您当然可以轻松地将该功能扩展为62 en/解码器。

下面是一个Node.js实现，可能是bit.ly。生成一个高度随机的七字符字符串。

它使用Node.js加密生成高度随机的25个字符集，而不是随机选择7个字符。

var crypto = require("crypto");
exports.shortURL = new function () {
    this.getShortURL = function () {
        var sURL = '',
            _rand = crypto.randomBytes(25).toString('hex'),
            _base = _rand.length;
        for (var i = 0; i < 7; i++)
            sURL += _rand.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * _rand.length));
        return sURL;
    };
}