考虑下面以串行/顺序方式读取文件数组的代码。readFiles返回一个承诺,只有在顺序读取所有文件后才会解析这个承诺。

var readFile = function(file) {
  ... // Returns a promise.
};

var readFiles = function(files) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    var readSequential = function(index) {
      if (index >= files.length) {
        resolve();
      } else {
        readFile(files[index]).then(function() {
          readSequential(index + 1);
        }).catch(reject);
      }
    };

    readSequential(0); // Start with the first file!
  });
};

上面的代码可以工作,但是我不喜欢为了使事情按顺序发生而进行递归。是否有一种更简单的方法可以重写这段代码,这样我就不必使用奇怪的readSequential函数了?

最初我尝试使用Promise。但是这会导致所有的readFile调用并发发生,这不是我想要的:

var readFiles = function(files) {
  return Promise.all(files.map(function(file) {
    return readFile(file);
  }));
};

当前回答

下面是我比较喜欢的连续运行任务的方式。

function runSerial() {
    var that = this;
    // task1 is a function that returns a promise (and immediately starts executing)
    // task2 is a function that returns a promise (and immediately starts executing)
    return Promise.resolve()
        .then(function() {
            return that.task1();
        })
        .then(function() {
            return that.task2();
        })
        .then(function() {
            console.log(" ---- done ----");
        });
}

有更多任务的情况会怎样呢?10 ?

function runSerial(tasks) {
  var result = Promise.resolve();
  tasks.forEach(task => {
    result = result.then(() => task());
  });
  return result;
}

其他回答

我不得不运行大量的顺序任务,并使用这些答案来伪造一个函数,将照顾处理任何顺序任务…

function one_by_one(objects_array, iterator, callback) {
    var start_promise = objects_array.reduce(function (prom, object) {
        return prom.then(function () {
            return iterator(object);
        });
    }, Promise.resolve()); // initial
    if(callback){
        start_promise.then(callback);
    }else{
        return start_promise;
    }
}

该函数接受2个参数+ 1个可选参数。第一个参数是我们将要处理的数组。第二个参数是任务本身,一个返回承诺的函数,只有当这个承诺解决时,下一个任务才会开始。第三个参数是在所有任务完成后运行的回调。如果没有传递回调,则函数返回它创建的promise,以便我们可以处理结束。

下面是一个用法示例:

var filenames = ['1.jpg','2.jpg','3.jpg'];
var resize_task = function(filename){
    //return promise of async resizing with filename
};
one_by_one(filenames,resize_task );

希望它能节省一些时间…

使用ES2016的async/await(可能还有ES2018的一些特性),这可以简化为这样的形式:

function readFile(file) {
  ... // Returns a promise.
}

async function readFiles(files) {
  for (file in files) {
     await readFile(file)
  }
}

I haven't seen another answer express that simplicity. The OP said parallel execution of readFile was not desired. However, with IO like this it really makes sense to not be blocking on a single file read, while keeping the loop execution synchronous (you don't want to do the next step until all files have been read). Since I just learned about this and am a bit excited about it, I'll share that approach of parallel asynchronous execution of readFile with overall synchronous execution of readFiles.

async function readFiles(files) {
  await Promise.all(files.map(readFile))
}

这难道不是一件美好的事情吗?

正如Bergi所注意到的,我认为最好的和明确的解决方案是使用蓝鸟。每个,代码如下:

const BlueBird = require('bluebird');
BlueBird.each(files, fs.readFileAsync);

我使用以下代码扩展Promise对象。它处理承诺的拒绝并返回一个结果数组

Code

/*
    Runs tasks in sequence and resolves a promise upon finish

    tasks: an array of functions that return a promise upon call.
    parameters: an array of arrays corresponding to the parameters to be passed on each function call.
    context: Object to use as context to call each function. (The 'this' keyword that may be used inside the function definition)
*/
Promise.sequence = function(tasks, parameters = [], context = null) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{

        var nextTask = tasks.splice(0,1)[0].apply(context, parameters[0]); //Dequeue and call the first task
        var output = new Array(tasks.length + 1);
        var errorFlag = false;

        tasks.forEach((task, index) => {
            nextTask = nextTask.then(r => {
                output[index] = r;
                return task.apply(context, parameters[index+1]);
            }, e=>{
                output[index] = e;
                errorFlag = true;
                return task.apply(context, parameters[index+1]);
            });
        });

        // Last task
        nextTask.then(r=>{
            output[output.length - 1] = r;
            if (errorFlag) reject(output); else resolve(output);
        })
        .catch(e=>{
            output[output.length - 1] = e;
            reject(output);
        });
    });
};

例子

function functionThatReturnsAPromise(n) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
        //Emulating real life delays, like a web request
        setTimeout(()=>{
            resolve(n);
        }, 1000);
    });
}

var arrayOfArguments = [['a'],['b'],['c'],['d']];
var arrayOfFunctions = (new Array(4)).fill(functionThatReturnsAPromise);


Promise.sequence(arrayOfFunctions, arrayOfArguments)
.then(console.log)
.catch(console.error);

如果你愿意,你可以用reduce来做出一个连续的承诺,例如:

[2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].reduce((promises, page) => {
    return promises.then((page) => {
        console.log(page);
        return Promise.resolve(page+1);
    });
  }, Promise.resolve(1));

它总是按顺序工作。