If you are looking for an objective analysis of both the editors, look at their origins and the philosophy behind their respective designs. Think, which one would suit you better and learn it (and learn it and learn it, because it takes time before you being to discover its true utility as against any IDE). An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi was written by Bill Joy and Mark Horton and he explains why he choose modal design and rationale for various key strokes ( it helps me to remember that CTRL-W +W (will switch to next Window and it will same for CTRL W+ CTRL W, just in case you held the CTRL key for a longer duration.

这里有一个Emacs时间轴的链接，并有对Multics Emacs论文的参考。这是一篇关于Emacs的RMS论文，我看到重点在可编程文本编辑器上(甚至早在1981年或更早的时候)。

我没有读过emacs的论文，但是读过Bill Joy的vi论文几次。 两者都是旧的，但你仍然会得到哲学，你可以选择使用当前的工具(vim 7。X还是emacs 25?)

编辑:我忘了说，阅读这两篇论文需要耐心和想象力，因为它会让你在阅读时回到过去。但这是值得的。

Seems an answer has been selected already, but the big difference to me has always been the modal vs. non-modal. Vim is modal, which means that it makes optimizations based on a specific set of usage modes. At least that's how I've always looked at it. This makes using Vim a different experience because instead of having a work area that you type code in, you really are telling an environment to act on the text. This is why people say things like with Vim you really are learning a language. The :wq and :s/foo/bar is all part of a shell like environment that edits and reads text.

Emacs on the other hand is much closer to most editors/word processors/etc. you see today. You have a workspace that has a highly programmable interface. That is why you see things like email, irc, shells, etc. As a programmer it is easy to think in terms of saying "take the line number I'm on and do something with the information". The desire to leave the editor becomes less because instead of having to quit, open some other app/language and do things on some text, you have Emacs where you can do these things within the scope of your editor.

这两种观点并不一定是对立的，只是它们揭示了两个不同的焦点。就我个人而言，我使用Emacs，但我见过非常了解Vim的人，他们可以诚实地说，选择哪种并不重要。我首先尝试了Vim，但Emacs最终支持了我。的确，无论您选择什么，您都应该至少在一定程度上精通Vim，因为它总是可用的。

VI总是可用的，并且将在最残缺的、单用户模式、坏的图形、没有键图、慢的链接机器上运行——因此，仅仅为了系统管理任务，了解如何在它中编辑简单的文件是值得的。

Emacs是一个编辑器中的完整用户界面。其思想是在启动机器时启动Emacs，并且永远不要离开它。可能会有数千个会话。

与使用GUI编辑器/IDE和使用python/awk/等来完成额外任务相比，学习Emacs的功能是否值得，取决于你自己。

Vim是一个方便的编辑器，你只需输入Vim的文件名来打开文件，编辑，保存和关闭。

Emacs是一个伪装成编辑器的“操作系统”，你可以评估代码来改变它的行为，并按你的喜好扩展它。在emacs上接收/发送电子邮件的模式类似于操作系统上的电子邮件软件。

当进行简单的编辑时，例如，修改配置文件，我使用vim。

否则，我永远不会离开emacs。

现在你甚至不需要考虑这两者之间的区别，因为Spacemacs。它是一个社区驱动的Emacs发行版。

正如它所说，

最好的编辑器既不是Emacs也不是vim，而是Emacs和vim。

Spacemacs结合了Emacs和Vim的优点，使您的生活和工作更加轻松。

请看下面的截图，

(来源:spacemacs.org)

我是一个不折不扣的Emacs迷，但我早在认识Emacs之前就认识VI了。也就是说，我让我所有的人学习VI，因为它总是可用的，在任何地方。选哪一个都不会错。