let groupbyKeys = function(arr, ...keys) {
  let keysFieldName = keys.join();
  return arr.map(ele => {
    let keysField = {};
    keysField[keysFieldName] = keys.reduce((keyValue, key) => {
      return keyValue + ele[key]
    }, "");
    return Object.assign({}, ele, keysField);
  }).reduce((groups, ele) => {
    (groups[ele[keysFieldName]] = groups[ele[keysFieldName]] || [])
      .push([ele].map(e => {
        if (keys.length > 1) {
          delete e[keysFieldName];
        }
        return e;
    })[0]);
    return groups;
  }, {});
};

console.log(groupbyKeys(array, 'Phase'));
console.log(groupbyKeys(array, 'Phase', 'Step'));
console.log(groupbyKeys(array, 'Phase', 'Step', 'Task'));

从@mortb、@jmarceli的回答和这篇文章中，

我利用JSON.stringify（）作为分组依据的PRIMITIVE VALUE多列的标识。

无第三方

function groupBy(list, keyGetter) {
    const map = new Map();
    list.forEach((item) => {
        const key = keyGetter(item);
        if (!map.has(key)) {
            map.set(key, [item]);
        } else {
            map.get(key).push(item);
        }
    });
    return map;
}

const pets = [
    {type:"Dog", age: 3, name:"Spot"},
    {type:"Cat", age: 3, name:"Tiger"},
    {type:"Dog", age: 4, name:"Rover"}, 
    {type:"Cat", age: 3, name:"Leo"}
];

const grouped = groupBy(pets,
pet => JSON.stringify({ type: pet.type, age: pet.age }));

console.log(grouped);

使用Lodash第三方

const pets = [
    {type:"Dog", age: 3, name:"Spot"},
    {type:"Cat", age: 3, name:"Tiger"},
    {type:"Dog", age: 4, name:"Rover"}, 
    {type:"Cat", age: 3, name:"Leo"}
];

let rslt = _.groupBy(pets, pet => JSON.stringify(
 { type: pet.type, age: pet.age }));

console.log(rslt);

data = [{id:1, name:'BMW'}, {id:2, name:'AN'}, {id:3, name:'BMW'}, {id:1, name:'NNN'}]
key = 'id'//try by id or name
data.reduce((previous, current)=>{
    previous[current[key]] && previous[current[key]].length != 0 ? previous[current[key]].push(current) : previous[current[key]] = new Array(current)
    return previous;
}, {})

此解决方案采用任意函数（而不是键），因此比上述解决方案更灵活，并允许箭头函数，这与LINQ中使用的lambda表达式类似：

Array.prototype.groupBy = function (funcProp) {
    return this.reduce(function (acc, val) {
        (acc[funcProp(val)] = acc[funcProp(val)] || []).push(val);
        return acc;
    }, {});
};

注意：是否要扩展Array的原型取决于您。

大多数浏览器支持的示例：

[{a:1,b:"b"},{a:1,c:"c"},{a:2,d:"d"}].groupBy(function(c){return c.a;})

使用箭头函数（ES6）的示例：

[{a:1,b:"b"},{a:1,c:"c"},{a:2,d:"d"}].groupBy(c=>c.a)

以上两个示例都返回：

{
  "1": [{"a": 1, "b": "b"}, {"a": 1, "c": "c"}],
  "2": [{"a": 2, "d": "d"}]
}

使用linq.js可能更容易做到这一点，它是linq在JavaScript（DEMO）中的真正实现：

var linq = Enumerable.From(data);
var result =
    linq.GroupBy(function(x){ return x.Phase; })
        .Select(function(x){
          return {
            Phase: x.Key(),
            Value: x.Sum(function(y){ return y.Value|0; })
          };
        }).ToArray();

结果：

[
    { Phase: "Phase 1", Value: 50 },
    { Phase: "Phase 2", Value: 130 }
]

或者，更简单地使用基于字符串的选择器（DEMO）：

linq.GroupBy("$.Phase", "",
    "k,e => { Phase:k, Value:e.Sum('$.Value|0') }").ToArray();

function groupBy(array, groupBy){
        return array.reduce((acc,curr,index,array) => {
           var  idx = curr[groupBy]; 
              if(!acc[idx]){
                    acc[idx] = array.filter(item => item[groupBy] === idx)
              } 
            return  acc; 

        },{})
    }

// call
groupBy(items,'Step')