我知道PHP还没有本地枚举。但是我已经习惯了来自Java世界的它们。我喜欢使用枚举来提供ide的自动补全功能能够理解的预定义值。
常量可以解决这个问题,但是存在名称空间冲突问题,而且(实际上是因为)它们是全局的。数组没有名称空间的问题,但是它们太模糊了,它们可以在运行时被覆盖,而且ide很少知道如何在没有额外的静态分析注释或属性的情况下自动填充它们的键。
你有什么常用的解决方案/变通办法吗?有人记得PHP的人对枚举有什么想法或决定吗?
我知道PHP还没有本地枚举。但是我已经习惯了来自Java世界的它们。我喜欢使用枚举来提供ide的自动补全功能能够理解的预定义值。
常量可以解决这个问题,但是存在名称空间冲突问题,而且(实际上是因为)它们是全局的。数组没有名称空间的问题,但是它们太模糊了,它们可以在运行时被覆盖,而且ide很少知道如何在没有额外的静态分析注释或属性的情况下自动填充它们的键。
你有什么常用的解决方案/变通办法吗?有人记得PHP的人对枚举有什么想法或决定吗?
当前回答
我使用带有常量的类:
class Enum {
const NAME = 'aaaa';
const SOME_VALUE = 'bbbb';
}
print Enum::NAME;
其他回答
class DayOfWeek {
static $values = array(
self::MONDAY,
self::TUESDAY,
// ...
);
const MONDAY = 0;
const TUESDAY = 1;
// ...
}
$today = DayOfWeek::MONDAY;
// If you want to check if a value is valid
assert( in_array( $today, DayOfWeek::$values ) );
不要使用反射。这使得你很难推断你的代码并追踪某些东西被使用的位置,而且往往会破坏静态分析工具(例如你的IDE中内置的工具)。
我所见过的PHP中枚举最常见的解决方案是创建一个通用枚举类,然后扩展它。你可以看看这个。
更新:或者,我从phpclasses.org找到了这个。
我知道这是一个旧线程,然而没有一个我所见过的解决方法真的看起来像枚举,因为几乎所有的解决方法都需要你手动分配值给枚举项,或者它需要你传递一个枚举键数组到一个函数。所以我创造了自己的解决方案。
要使用我的解决方案创建枚举类,可以简单地扩展下面的enum类,创建一堆静态变量(不需要初始化它们),并在枚举类定义的下面调用yourEnumClass::init()。
edit: This only works in php >= 5.3, but it can probably be modified to work in older versions as well /** * A base class for enums. * * This class can be used as a base class for enums. * It can be used to create regular enums (incremental indices), but it can also be used to create binary flag values. * To create an enum class you can simply extend this class, and make a call to <yourEnumClass>::init() before you use the enum. * Preferably this call is made directly after the class declaration. * Example usages: * DaysOfTheWeek.class.php * abstract class DaysOfTheWeek extends Enum{ * static $MONDAY = 1; * static $TUESDAY; * static $WEDNESDAY; * static $THURSDAY; * static $FRIDAY; * static $SATURDAY; * static $SUNDAY; * } * DaysOfTheWeek::init(); * * example.php * require_once("DaysOfTheWeek.class.php"); * $today = date('N'); * if ($today == DaysOfTheWeek::$SUNDAY || $today == DaysOfTheWeek::$SATURDAY) * echo "It's weekend!"; * * Flags.class.php * abstract class Flags extends Enum{ * static $FLAG_1; * static $FLAG_2; * static $FLAG_3; * } * Flags::init(Enum::$BINARY_FLAG); * * example2.php * require_once("Flags.class.php"); * $flags = Flags::$FLAG_1 | Flags::$FLAG_2; * if ($flags & Flags::$FLAG_1) * echo "Flag_1 is set"; * * @author Tiddo Langerak */ abstract class Enum{ static $BINARY_FLAG = 1; /** * This function must be called to initialize the enumeration! * * @param bool $flags If the USE_BINARY flag is provided, the enum values will be binary flag values. Default: no flags set. */ public static function init($flags = 0){ //First, we want to get a list of all static properties of the enum class. We'll use the ReflectionClass for this. $enum = get_called_class(); $ref = new ReflectionClass($enum); $items = $ref->getStaticProperties(); //Now we can start assigning values to the items. if ($flags & self::$BINARY_FLAG){ //If we want binary flag values, our first value should be 1. $value = 1; //Now we can set the values for all items. foreach ($items as $key=>$item){ if (!isset($item)){ //If no value is set manually, we should set it. $enum::$$key = $value; //And we need to calculate the new value $value *= 2; } else { //If there was already a value set, we will continue starting from that value, but only if that was a valid binary flag value. //Otherwise, we will just skip this item. if ($key != 0 && ($key & ($key - 1) == 0)) $value = 2 * $item; } } } else { //If we want to use regular indices, we'll start with index 0. $value = 0; //Now we can set the values for all items. foreach ($items as $key=>$item){ if (!isset($item)){ //If no value is set manually, we should set it, and increment the value for the next item. $enum::$$key = $value; $value++; } else { //If a value was already set, we'll continue from that value. $value = $item+1; } } } } }
四年后,我又遇到了这个。我目前的方法是这样的,因为它允许在IDE中完成代码以及类型安全:
基类:
abstract class TypedEnum
{
private static $_instancedValues;
private $_value;
private $_name;
private function __construct($value, $name)
{
$this->_value = $value;
$this->_name = $name;
}
private static function _fromGetter($getter, $value)
{
$reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass(get_called_class());
$methods = $reflectionClass->getMethods(ReflectionMethod::IS_STATIC | ReflectionMethod::IS_PUBLIC);
$className = get_called_class();
foreach($methods as $method)
{
if ($method->class === $className)
{
$enumItem = $method->invoke(null);
if ($enumItem instanceof $className && $enumItem->$getter() === $value)
{
return $enumItem;
}
}
}
throw new OutOfRangeException();
}
protected static function _create($value)
{
if (self::$_instancedValues === null)
{
self::$_instancedValues = array();
}
$className = get_called_class();
if (!isset(self::$_instancedValues[$className]))
{
self::$_instancedValues[$className] = array();
}
if (!isset(self::$_instancedValues[$className][$value]))
{
$debugTrace = debug_backtrace();
$lastCaller = array_shift($debugTrace);
while ($lastCaller['class'] !== $className && count($debugTrace) > 0)
{
$lastCaller = array_shift($debugTrace);
}
self::$_instancedValues[$className][$value] = new static($value, $lastCaller['function']);
}
return self::$_instancedValues[$className][$value];
}
public static function fromValue($value)
{
return self::_fromGetter('getValue', $value);
}
public static function fromName($value)
{
return self::_fromGetter('getName', $value);
}
public function getValue()
{
return $this->_value;
}
public function getName()
{
return $this->_name;
}
}
枚举例子:
final class DaysOfWeek extends TypedEnum
{
public static function Sunday() { return self::_create(0); }
public static function Monday() { return self::_create(1); }
public static function Tuesday() { return self::_create(2); }
public static function Wednesday() { return self::_create(3); }
public static function Thursday() { return self::_create(4); }
public static function Friday() { return self::_create(5); }
public static function Saturday() { return self::_create(6); }
}
使用示例:
function saveEvent(DaysOfWeek $weekDay, $comment)
{
// store week day numeric value and comment:
$myDatabase->save('myeventtable',
array('weekday_id' => $weekDay->getValue()),
array('comment' => $comment));
}
// call the function, note: DaysOfWeek::Monday() returns an object of type DaysOfWeek
saveEvent(DaysOfWeek::Monday(), 'some comment');
注意,同一个枚举条目的所有实例都是相同的:
$monday1 = DaysOfWeek::Monday();
$monday2 = DaysOfWeek::Monday();
$monday1 === $monday2; // true
你也可以在switch语句中使用它:
function getGermanWeekDayName(DaysOfWeek $weekDay)
{
switch ($weekDay)
{
case DaysOfWeek::Monday(): return 'Montag';
case DaysOfWeek::Tuesday(): return 'Dienstag';
// ...
}
你也可以通过名称或值创建枚举项:
$monday = DaysOfWeek::fromValue(2);
$tuesday = DaysOfWeek::fromName('Tuesday');
或者你可以从一个现有的枚举条目中获取名称(即函数名):
$wednesday = DaysOfWeek::Wednesday()
echo $wednesDay->getName(); // Wednesday
我已经在这里评论了一些其他的答案,所以我想我也会发表意见。 最后,由于PHP不支持类型化枚举,您可以选择以下两种方式之一:删除类型化枚举,或者接受它们极难有效删除的事实。
我更倾向于接受事实,而不是使用其他答案以某种方式使用的const方法:
abstract class Enum
{
const NONE = null;
final private function __construct()
{
throw new NotSupportedException(); //
}
final private function __clone()
{
throw new NotSupportedException();
}
final public static function toArray()
{
return (new ReflectionClass(static::class))->getConstants();
}
final public static function isValid($value)
{
return in_array($value, static::toArray());
}
}
枚举示例:
final class ResponseStatusCode extends Enum
{
const OK = 200;
const CREATED = 201;
const ACCEPTED = 202;
// ...
const SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
const GATEWAY_TIME_OUT = 504;
const HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
}
使用Enum作为所有其他枚举扩展的基类,允许使用诸如toArray、isValid等辅助方法。对我来说,类型化的枚举(以及管理它们的实例)最终太混乱了。
假设
如果存在一个__getStatic魔法方法(最好还有一个__equals魔法方法),那么大部分问题都可以通过一种多吨模式来缓解。
(以下是假设;它不会起作用,尽管也许有一天它会)
final class TestEnum
{
private static $_values = [
'FOO' => 1,
'BAR' => 2,
'QUX' => 3,
];
private static $_instances = [];
public static function __getStatic($name)
{
if (isset(static::$_values[$name]))
{
if (empty(static::$_instances[$name]))
{
static::$_instances[$name] = new static($name);
}
return static::$_instances[$name];
}
throw new Exception(sprintf('Invalid enumeration value, "%s"', $name));
}
private $_value;
public function __construct($name)
{
$this->_value = static::$_values[$name];
}
public function __equals($object)
{
if ($object instanceof static)
{
return $object->_value === $this->_value;
}
return $object === $this->_value;
}
}
$foo = TestEnum::$FOO; // object(TestEnum)#1 (1) {
// ["_value":"TestEnum":private]=>
// int(1)
// }
$zap = TestEnum::$ZAP; // Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message
// 'Invalid enumeration member, "ZAP"'
$qux = TestEnum::$QUX;
TestEnum::$QUX == $qux; // true
'hello world!' == $qux; // false