我知道PHP还没有本地枚举。但是我已经习惯了来自Java世界的它们。我喜欢使用枚举来提供ide的自动补全功能能够理解的预定义值。
常量可以解决这个问题,但是存在名称空间冲突问题,而且(实际上是因为)它们是全局的。数组没有名称空间的问题,但是它们太模糊了,它们可以在运行时被覆盖,而且ide很少知道如何在没有额外的静态分析注释或属性的情况下自动填充它们的键。
你有什么常用的解决方案/变通办法吗?有人记得PHP的人对枚举有什么想法或决定吗?
我知道PHP还没有本地枚举。但是我已经习惯了来自Java世界的它们。我喜欢使用枚举来提供ide的自动补全功能能够理解的预定义值。
常量可以解决这个问题,但是存在名称空间冲突问题,而且(实际上是因为)它们是全局的。数组没有名称空间的问题,但是它们太模糊了,它们可以在运行时被覆盖,而且ide很少知道如何在没有额外的静态分析注释或属性的情况下自动填充它们的键。
你有什么常用的解决方案/变通办法吗?有人记得PHP的人对枚举有什么想法或决定吗?
当前回答
我使用带有常量的类:
class Enum {
const NAME = 'aaaa';
const SOME_VALUE = 'bbbb';
}
print Enum::NAME;
其他回答
如果您需要使用全局唯一的enum(即即使在不同enum之间比较元素时)并且易于使用,请随意使用以下代码。我还添加了一些我认为有用的方法。您可以在代码顶部的注释中找到示例。
<?php
/**
* Class Enum
*
* @author Christopher Fox <christopher.fox@gmx.de>
*
* @version 1.0
*
* This class provides the function of an enumeration.
* The values of Enum elements are unique (even between different Enums)
* as you would expect them to be.
*
* Constructing a new Enum:
* ========================
*
* In the following example we construct an enum called "UserState"
* with the elements "inactive", "active", "banned" and "deleted".
*
* <code>
* Enum::Create('UserState', 'inactive', 'active', 'banned', 'deleted');
* </code>
*
* Using Enums:
* ============
*
* The following example demonstrates how to compare two Enum elements
*
* <code>
* var_dump(UserState::inactive == UserState::banned); // result: false
* var_dump(UserState::active == UserState::active); // result: true
* </code>
*
* Special Enum methods:
* =====================
*
* Get the number of elements in an Enum:
*
* <code>
* echo UserState::CountEntries(); // result: 4
* </code>
*
* Get a list with all elements of the Enum:
*
* <code>
* $allUserStates = UserState::GetEntries();
* </code>
*
* Get a name of an element:
*
* <code>
* echo UserState::GetName(UserState::deleted); // result: deleted
* </code>
*
* Get an integer ID for an element (e.g. to store as a value in a database table):
* This is simply the index of the element (beginning with 1).
* Note that this ID is only unique for this Enum but now between different Enums.
*
* <code>
* echo UserState::GetDatabaseID(UserState::active); // result: 2
* </code>
*/
class Enum
{
/**
* @var Enum $instance The only instance of Enum (Singleton)
*/
private static $instance;
/**
* @var array $enums An array of all enums with Enum names as keys
* and arrays of element names as values
*/
private $enums;
/**
* Constructs (the only) Enum instance
*/
private function __construct()
{
$this->enums = array();
}
/**
* Constructs a new enum
*
* @param string $name The class name for the enum
* @param mixed $_ A list of strings to use as names for enum entries
*/
public static function Create($name, $_)
{
// Create (the only) Enum instance if this hasn't happened yet
if (self::$instance===null)
{
self::$instance = new Enum();
}
// Fetch the arguments of the function
$args = func_get_args();
// Exclude the "name" argument from the array of function arguments,
// so only the enum element names remain in the array
array_shift($args);
self::$instance->add($name, $args);
}
/**
* Creates an enumeration if this hasn't happened yet
*
* @param string $name The class name for the enum
* @param array $fields The names of the enum elements
*/
private function add($name, $fields)
{
if (!array_key_exists($name, $this->enums))
{
$this->enums[$name] = array();
// Generate the code of the class for this enumeration
$classDeclaration = "class " . $name . " {\n"
. "private static \$name = '" . $name . "';\n"
. $this->getClassConstants($name, $fields)
. $this->getFunctionGetEntries($name)
. $this->getFunctionCountEntries($name)
. $this->getFunctionGetDatabaseID()
. $this->getFunctionGetName()
. "}";
// Create the class for this enumeration
eval($classDeclaration);
}
}
/**
* Returns the code of the class constants
* for an enumeration. These are the representations
* of the elements.
*
* @param string $name The class name for the enum
* @param array $fields The names of the enum elements
*
* @return string The code of the class constants
*/
private function getClassConstants($name, $fields)
{
$constants = '';
foreach ($fields as $field)
{
// Create a unique ID for the Enum element
// This ID is unique because class and variables
// names can't contain a semicolon. Therefore we
// can use the semicolon as a separator here.
$uniqueID = $name . ";" . $field;
$constants .= "const " . $field . " = '". $uniqueID . "';\n";
// Store the unique ID
array_push($this->enums[$name], $uniqueID);
}
return $constants;
}
/**
* Returns the code of the function "GetEntries()"
* for an enumeration
*
* @param string $name The class name for the enum
*
* @return string The code of the function "GetEntries()"
*/
private function getFunctionGetEntries($name)
{
$entryList = '';
// Put the unique element IDs in single quotes and
// separate them with commas
foreach ($this->enums[$name] as $key => $entry)
{
if ($key > 0) $entryList .= ',';
$entryList .= "'" . $entry . "'";
}
return "public static function GetEntries() { \n"
. " return array(" . $entryList . ");\n"
. "}\n";
}
/**
* Returns the code of the function "CountEntries()"
* for an enumeration
*
* @param string $name The class name for the enum
*
* @return string The code of the function "CountEntries()"
*/
private function getFunctionCountEntries($name)
{
// This function will simply return a constant number (e.g. return 5;)
return "public static function CountEntries() { \n"
. " return " . count($this->enums[$name]) . ";\n"
. "}\n";
}
/**
* Returns the code of the function "GetDatabaseID()"
* for an enumeration
*
* @return string The code of the function "GetDatabaseID()"
*/
private function getFunctionGetDatabaseID()
{
// Check for the index of this element inside of the array
// of elements and add +1
return "public static function GetDatabaseID(\$entry) { \n"
. "\$key = array_search(\$entry, self::GetEntries());\n"
. " return \$key + 1;\n"
. "}\n";
}
/**
* Returns the code of the function "GetName()"
* for an enumeration
*
* @return string The code of the function "GetName()"
*/
private function getFunctionGetName()
{
// Remove the class name from the unique ID
// and return this value (which is the element name)
return "public static function GetName(\$entry) { \n"
. "return substr(\$entry, strlen(self::\$name) + 1 , strlen(\$entry));\n"
. "}\n";
}
}
?>
我使用带有常量的类:
class Enum {
const NAME = 'aaaa';
const SOME_VALUE = 'bbbb';
}
print Enum::NAME;
我已经在这里评论了一些其他的答案,所以我想我也会发表意见。 最后,由于PHP不支持类型化枚举,您可以选择以下两种方式之一:删除类型化枚举,或者接受它们极难有效删除的事实。
我更倾向于接受事实,而不是使用其他答案以某种方式使用的const方法:
abstract class Enum
{
const NONE = null;
final private function __construct()
{
throw new NotSupportedException(); //
}
final private function __clone()
{
throw new NotSupportedException();
}
final public static function toArray()
{
return (new ReflectionClass(static::class))->getConstants();
}
final public static function isValid($value)
{
return in_array($value, static::toArray());
}
}
枚举示例:
final class ResponseStatusCode extends Enum
{
const OK = 200;
const CREATED = 201;
const ACCEPTED = 202;
// ...
const SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
const GATEWAY_TIME_OUT = 504;
const HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
}
使用Enum作为所有其他枚举扩展的基类,允许使用诸如toArray、isValid等辅助方法。对我来说,类型化的枚举(以及管理它们的实例)最终太混乱了。
假设
如果存在一个__getStatic魔法方法(最好还有一个__equals魔法方法),那么大部分问题都可以通过一种多吨模式来缓解。
(以下是假设;它不会起作用,尽管也许有一天它会)
final class TestEnum
{
private static $_values = [
'FOO' => 1,
'BAR' => 2,
'QUX' => 3,
];
private static $_instances = [];
public static function __getStatic($name)
{
if (isset(static::$_values[$name]))
{
if (empty(static::$_instances[$name]))
{
static::$_instances[$name] = new static($name);
}
return static::$_instances[$name];
}
throw new Exception(sprintf('Invalid enumeration value, "%s"', $name));
}
private $_value;
public function __construct($name)
{
$this->_value = static::$_values[$name];
}
public function __equals($object)
{
if ($object instanceof static)
{
return $object->_value === $this->_value;
}
return $object === $this->_value;
}
}
$foo = TestEnum::$FOO; // object(TestEnum)#1 (1) {
// ["_value":"TestEnum":private]=>
// int(1)
// }
$zap = TestEnum::$ZAP; // Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message
// 'Invalid enumeration member, "ZAP"'
$qux = TestEnum::$QUX;
TestEnum::$QUX == $qux; // true
'hello world!' == $qux; // false
四年后,我又遇到了这个。我目前的方法是这样的,因为它允许在IDE中完成代码以及类型安全:
基类:
abstract class TypedEnum
{
private static $_instancedValues;
private $_value;
private $_name;
private function __construct($value, $name)
{
$this->_value = $value;
$this->_name = $name;
}
private static function _fromGetter($getter, $value)
{
$reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass(get_called_class());
$methods = $reflectionClass->getMethods(ReflectionMethod::IS_STATIC | ReflectionMethod::IS_PUBLIC);
$className = get_called_class();
foreach($methods as $method)
{
if ($method->class === $className)
{
$enumItem = $method->invoke(null);
if ($enumItem instanceof $className && $enumItem->$getter() === $value)
{
return $enumItem;
}
}
}
throw new OutOfRangeException();
}
protected static function _create($value)
{
if (self::$_instancedValues === null)
{
self::$_instancedValues = array();
}
$className = get_called_class();
if (!isset(self::$_instancedValues[$className]))
{
self::$_instancedValues[$className] = array();
}
if (!isset(self::$_instancedValues[$className][$value]))
{
$debugTrace = debug_backtrace();
$lastCaller = array_shift($debugTrace);
while ($lastCaller['class'] !== $className && count($debugTrace) > 0)
{
$lastCaller = array_shift($debugTrace);
}
self::$_instancedValues[$className][$value] = new static($value, $lastCaller['function']);
}
return self::$_instancedValues[$className][$value];
}
public static function fromValue($value)
{
return self::_fromGetter('getValue', $value);
}
public static function fromName($value)
{
return self::_fromGetter('getName', $value);
}
public function getValue()
{
return $this->_value;
}
public function getName()
{
return $this->_name;
}
}
枚举例子:
final class DaysOfWeek extends TypedEnum
{
public static function Sunday() { return self::_create(0); }
public static function Monday() { return self::_create(1); }
public static function Tuesday() { return self::_create(2); }
public static function Wednesday() { return self::_create(3); }
public static function Thursday() { return self::_create(4); }
public static function Friday() { return self::_create(5); }
public static function Saturday() { return self::_create(6); }
}
使用示例:
function saveEvent(DaysOfWeek $weekDay, $comment)
{
// store week day numeric value and comment:
$myDatabase->save('myeventtable',
array('weekday_id' => $weekDay->getValue()),
array('comment' => $comment));
}
// call the function, note: DaysOfWeek::Monday() returns an object of type DaysOfWeek
saveEvent(DaysOfWeek::Monday(), 'some comment');
注意,同一个枚举条目的所有实例都是相同的:
$monday1 = DaysOfWeek::Monday();
$monday2 = DaysOfWeek::Monday();
$monday1 === $monday2; // true
你也可以在switch语句中使用它:
function getGermanWeekDayName(DaysOfWeek $weekDay)
{
switch ($weekDay)
{
case DaysOfWeek::Monday(): return 'Montag';
case DaysOfWeek::Tuesday(): return 'Dienstag';
// ...
}
你也可以通过名称或值创建枚举项:
$monday = DaysOfWeek::fromValue(2);
$tuesday = DaysOfWeek::fromName('Tuesday');
或者你可以从一个现有的枚举条目中获取名称(即函数名):
$wednesday = DaysOfWeek::Wednesday()
echo $wednesDay->getName(); // Wednesday
对于简单的枚举,我使用如下结构。通常,您可以将它们用于switch语句。
<?php
define("OPTION_1", "1");
define("OPTION_2", OPTION_1 + 1);
define("OPTION_3", OPTION_2 + 1);
// Some function...
switch($Val){
case OPTION_1:{ Perform_1();}break;
case OPTION_2:{ Perform_2();}break;
...
}
?>
它不像c++中的本地枚举那样方便,但如果你以后想在两者之间添加一个选项,它似乎可以工作,并且需要更少的维护。