我一直在阅读很多关于finalize()的Java新手问题,并发现没有人真正清楚地表明finalize()是一种不可靠的清理资源的方法,这有点令人困惑。我看到有人评论说他们用它来清理连接,这真的很可怕,因为唯一接近于保证连接关闭的方法是最后实现try (catch)。

我没有学过CS,但我已经用Java专业编程近十年了,我从来没有见过有人在生产系统中实现finalize()。这并不意味着它没有用处,或者和我一起工作的人一直在做正确的事情。

所以我的问题是,实现finalize()有哪些用例不能通过语言中的另一个进程或语法更可靠地处理?

请提供具体的场景或您的经验,简单地重复Java教科书,或最终确定的预期用途是不够的,因为这不是这个问题的意图。


当前回答

为了强调以上答案中的一点:终结器将在单独的GC线程上执行。我听说过一个大型的Sun演示,开发人员在一些终结器中添加了一个小睡眠,并故意让一个原本花哨的3D演示崩溃。

最好避免,可能的例外是test-env诊断。

Eckel的《Thinking in Java》在这方面有一个很好的章节。

其他回答

class MyObject {
    Test main;

    public MyObject(Test t) {    
        main = t; 
    }

    protected void finalize() {
        main.ref = this; // let instance become reachable again
        System.out.println("This is finalize"); //test finalize run only once
    }
}

class Test {
    MyObject ref;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test test = new Test();
        test.ref = new MyObject(test);
        test.ref = null; //MyObject become unreachable,finalize will be invoked
        System.gc(); 
        if (test.ref != null) System.out.println("MyObject still alive!");  
    }
}

====================================

结果:

This is finalize

MyObject still alive!

=====================================

所以你可以在finalize方法中使一个不可达的实例可达。

为了强调以上答案中的一点:终结器将在单独的GC线程上执行。我听说过一个大型的Sun演示,开发人员在一些终结器中添加了一个小睡眠,并故意让一个原本花哨的3D演示崩溃。

最好避免,可能的例外是test-env诊断。

Eckel的《Thinking in Java》在这方面有一个很好的章节。

删除已经添加到全局/静态位置(不需要)的东西,并在对象被删除时需要删除,这是很方便的。例如:

    private void addGlobalClickListener() {
        weakAwtEventListener = new WeakAWTEventListener(this);

        Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().addAWTEventListener(weakAwtEventListener, AWTEvent.MOUSE_EVENT_MASK);
    }

    @Override
    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
        super.finalize();

        if(weakAwtEventListener != null) {
            Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().removeAWTEventListener(weakAwtEventListener);
        }
    }

我不知道你是怎么想的,但是…

itsadok@laptop ~/jdk1.6.0_02/src/
$ find . -name "*.java" | xargs grep "void finalize()" | wc -l
41

所以我猜《太阳报》找到了一些(他们认为)应该使用它的案例。

finalize()是对JVM的一个提示,建议在未指定的时间执行代码。当您希望代码莫名其妙地无法运行时,这是很好的方法。

在终结器中做任何重要的事情(基本上除了日志)在三种情况下也很好:

您希望打赌其他已完成的对象仍然处于程序其余部分认为有效的状态。 您希望向所有具有终结器的类的所有方法添加大量检查代码,以确保它们在终结后行为正确。 您希望意外地复活已完成的对象,并花费大量时间试图弄清楚为什么它们不起作用,和/或为什么它们在最终释放时没有最终完成。

If you think you need finalize(), sometimes what you really want is a phantom reference (which in the example given could hold a hard reference to a connection used by its referand, and close it after the phantom reference has been queued). This also has the property that it may mysteriously never run, but at least it can't call methods on or resurrect finalized objects. So it's just right for situations where you don't absolutely need to close that connection cleanly, but you'd quite like to, and the clients of your class can't or won't call close themselves (which is actually fair enough - what's the point of having a garbage collector at all if you design interfaces that require a specific action be taken prior to collection? That just puts us back in the days of malloc/free.)

Other times you need the resource you think you're managing to be more robust. For example, why do you need to close that connection? It must ultimately be based on some kind of I/O provided by the system (socket, file, whatever), so why can't you rely on the system to close it for you when the lowest level of resource is gced? If the server at the other end absolutely requires you to close the connection cleanly rather than just dropping the socket, then what's going to happen when someone trips over the power cable of the machine your code is running on, or the intervening network goes out?

免责声明:我以前在JVM实现上工作过。我讨厌终结者。