为什么要实现finalize()?

我一直在阅读很多关于finalize()的Java新手问题，并发现没有人真正清楚地表明finalize()是一种不可靠的清理资源的方法，这有点令人困惑。我看到有人评论说他们用它来清理连接，这真的很可怕，因为唯一接近于保证连接关闭的方法是最后实现try (catch)。

我没有学过CS，但我已经用Java专业编程近十年了，我从来没有见过有人在生产系统中实现finalize()。这并不意味着它没有用处，或者和我一起工作的人一直在做正确的事情。

所以我的问题是，实现finalize()有哪些用例不能通过语言中的另一个进程或语法更可靠地处理?

请提供具体的场景或您的经验，简单地重复Java教科书，或最终确定的预期用途是不够的，因为这不是这个问题的意图。

当前回答

删除已经添加到全局/静态位置(不需要)的东西，并在对象被删除时需要删除，这是很方便的。例如:

    private void addGlobalClickListener() {
        weakAwtEventListener = new WeakAWTEventListener(this);

        Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().addAWTEventListener(weakAwtEventListener, AWTEvent.MOUSE_EVENT_MASK);
    }

    @Override
    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
        super.finalize();

        if(weakAwtEventListener != null) {
            Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().removeAWTEventListener(weakAwtEventListener);
        }
    }

2011-04-07 08:11:40

其他回答

一个简单的规则:永远不要使用终结器。

对象具有终结器(不管它执行什么代码)这一事实本身就足以导致相当大的垃圾收集开销。

摘自Brian Goetz的一篇文章:

Objects with finalizers (those that have a non-trivial finalize() method) have significant overhead compared to objects without finalizers, and should be used sparingly. Finalizeable objects are both slower to allocate and slower to collect. At allocation time, the JVM must register any finalizeable objects with the garbage collector, and (at least in the HotSpot JVM implementation) finalizeable objects must follow a slower allocation path than most other objects. Similarly, finalizeable objects are slower to collect, too. It takes at least two garbage collection cycles (in the best case) before a finalizeable object can be reclaimed, and the garbage collector has to do extra work to invoke the finalizer. The result is more time spent allocating and collecting objects and more pressure on the garbage collector, because the memory used by unreachable finalizeable objects is retained longer. Combine that with the fact that finalizers are not guaranteed to run in any predictable timeframe, or even at all, and you can see that there are relatively few situations for which finalization is the right tool to use.

2008-10-01 17:38:32

您不应该依赖finalize()来为您清理资源。Finalize()在类被垃圾回收之前不会运行。在使用完资源后显式地释放资源要好得多。

2008-10-01 15:27:49

class MyObject {
    Test main;

    public MyObject(Test t) {    
        main = t; 
    }

    protected void finalize() {
        main.ref = this; // let instance become reachable again
        System.out.println("This is finalize"); //test finalize run only once
    }
}

class Test {
    MyObject ref;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test test = new Test();
        test.ref = new MyObject(test);
        test.ref = null; //MyObject become unreachable，finalize will be invoked
        System.gc(); 
        if (test.ref != null) System.out.println("MyObject still alive!");  
    }
}

====================================

结果: