A place where alloca() is especially dangerous than malloc() is the kernel - kernel of a typical operating system has a fixed sized stack space hard-coded into one of its header; it is not as flexible as the stack of an application. Making a call to alloca() with an unwarranted size may cause the kernel to crash. Certain compilers warn usage of alloca() (and even VLAs for that matter) under certain options that ought to be turned on while compiling a kernel code - here, it is better to allocate memory in the heap that is not fixed by a hard-coded limit.

我遇到的最令人难忘的错误之一是与一个使用alloca的内联函数有关。它在程序执行的随机点表现为堆栈溢出(因为它在堆栈上分配)。

在头文件中:

void DoSomething() {
   wchar_t* pStr = alloca(100);
   //......
}

在实现文件中:

void Process() {
   for (i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
     DoSomething();
   }
}

因此，发生的事情是编译器内联DoSomething函数，所有的堆栈分配都发生在Process()函数内部，从而使堆栈膨胀。在我的辩护中(我不是发现这个问题的人;当我无法修复它时，我不得不去和一个高级开发人员哭)，它不是直接的分配，它是ATL字符串转换宏之一。

所以教训是-不要在你认为可能内联的函数中使用alloca。

这个“老”问题有很多有趣的答案，甚至一些相对较新的答案，但我没有找到任何提到这个....

当正确和小心使用时，alloca()的一致使用 (可能是整个应用程序)来处理小的可变长度分配 (或C99 VLAs，如果可用)会导致整体堆栈降低 增长比使用超大的等效实现要快 固定长度的本地数组。因此，如果您仔细使用alloca()，它可能对您的堆栈有好处。

我在....上找到了这句话好吧，这句话是我编的。但真的，想想看....

@j_random_hacker在其他答案下面的评论中是非常正确的:避免使用alloca()来支持超大的本地数组并不能使你的程序更安全，免受堆栈溢出(除非你的编译器足够老，允许使用alloca()的函数内联，在这种情况下你应该升级，或者除非你在循环中使用alloca()，在这种情况下你应该……不要在循环内部使用alloca()。

I've worked on desktop/server environments and embedded systems. A lot of embedded systems don't use a heap at all (they don't even link in support for it), for reasons that include the perception that dynamically allocated memory is evil due to the risks of memory leaks on an application that never ever reboots for years at a time, or the more reasonable justification that dynamic memory is dangerous because it can't be known for certain that an application will never fragment its heap to the point of false memory exhaustion. So embedded programmers are left with few alternatives.

alloca()(或VLAs)可能是完成这项工作的合适工具。

I've seen time & time again where a programmer makes a stack-allocated buffer "big enough to handle any possible case". In a deeply nested call tree, repeated use of that (anti-?)pattern leads to exaggerated stack use. (Imagine a call tree 20 levels deep, where at each level for different reasons, the function blindly over-allocates a buffer of 1024 bytes "just to be safe" when generally it will only use 16 or less of them, and only in very rare cases may use more.) An alternative is to use alloca() or VLAs and allocate only as much stack space as your function needs, to avoid unnecessarily burdening the stack. Hopefully when one function in the call tree needs a larger-than-normal allocation, others in the call tree are still using their normal small allocations, and the overall application stack usage is significantly less than if every function blindly over-allocated a local buffer.

但是如果你选择使用alloca()…

根据本页上的其他答案，VLAs似乎应该是安全的(如果从循环中调用，它们不会复合堆栈分配)，但如果您正在使用alloca()，请注意不要在循环中使用它，并确保您的函数不能内联，如果它有任何可能在另一个函数的循环中调用。

我想没有人提到过这一点:在函数中使用alloca会阻碍或禁用一些本来可以应用在函数中的优化，因为编译器无法知道函数的堆栈帧的大小。

例如，C编译器常见的优化是在函数中消除帧指针的使用，而是相对于堆栈指针进行帧访问;所以还有一种通用寄存器。但如果在函数内部调用alloca，则sp和fp之间的差异对于函数的一部分是未知的，因此无法进行此优化。

考虑到alloca的使用很少，而且它作为标准函数的不光彩地位，编译器设计人员很可能会禁用任何可能导致alloca出现问题的优化，如果要使它与alloca一起工作需要付出更多的努力的话。

更新: 由于变长局部数组已经添加到C语言中，并且由于这些向编译器提出了与alloca非常相似的代码生成问题，我看到“使用的罕见性和阴暗状态”不适用于底层机制;但是我仍然怀疑使用alloca或VLA会损害使用它们的函数中的代码生成。我欢迎来自编译器设计人员的任何反馈。

alloca() is very useful if you can't use a standard local variable because its size would need to be determined at runtime and you can absolutely guarantee that the pointer you get from alloca() will NEVER be used after this function returns. You can be fairly safe if you do not return the pointer, or anything that contains it. do not store the pointer in any structure allocated on the heap do not let any other thread use the pointer The real danger comes from the chance that someone else will violate these conditions sometime later. With that in mind it's great for passing buffers to functions that format text into them :)

我认为没有人提到过这一点，但是alloca也有一些严重的安全问题，不一定是malloc所存在的(尽管这些问题也会出现在任何基于堆栈的数组中，无论是否是动态的)。由于内存是在堆栈上分配的，缓冲区溢出/下溢的后果比仅仅使用malloc要严重得多。

In particular, the return address for a function is stored on the stack. If this value gets corrupted, your code could be made to go to any executable region of memory. Compilers go to great lengths to make this difficult (in particular by randomizing address layout). However, this is clearly worse than just a stack overflow since the best case is a SEGFAULT if the return value is corrupted, but it could also start executing a random piece of memory or in the worst case some region of memory which compromises your program's security.