假设您在Java中有一个链表结构。它由节点组成:
class Node {
Node next;
// some user data
}
每个节点都指向下一个节点，除了最后一个节点，它的next为空。假设有一种可能性，列表可以包含一个循环-即最后的节点，而不是有一个空值，有一个引用到列表中它之前的一个节点。
最好的写作方式是什么
boolean hasLoop(Node first)
如果给定的节点是带有循环的列表的第一个，则返回true，否则返回false ?你怎么能写出一个常数的空间和合理的时间呢?
下面是一个带有循环的列表的图片:
当前回答
算法
public static boolean hasCycle (LinkedList<Node> list)
{
HashSet<Node> visited = new HashSet<Node>();
for (Node n : list)
{
visited.add(n);
if (visited.contains(n.next))
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
复杂性
Time ~ O(n)
Space ~ O(n)
其他回答
用户unicornaddict上面有一个很好的算法，但不幸的是，它包含一个错误，用于奇数长度>= 3的非循环列表。问题是，快的可能会在列表结束之前“卡住”，慢的会赶上它，然后就会(错误地)检测到循环。
这是修正后的算法。
static boolean hasLoop(Node first) {
if(first == null) // list does not exist..so no loop either.
return false;
Node slow, fast; // create two references.
slow = fast = first; // make both refer to the start of the list.
while(true) {
slow = slow.next; // 1 hop.
if(fast.next == null)
fast = null;
else
fast = fast.next.next; // 2 hops.
if(fast == null) // if fast hits null..no loop.
return false;
if(slow == fast) // if the two ever meet...we must have a loop.
return true;
}
}
public boolean hasLoop(Node start){
TreeSet<Node> set = new TreeSet<Node>();
Node lookingAt = start;
while (lookingAt.peek() != null){
lookingAt = lookingAt.next;
if (set.contains(lookingAt){
return false;
} else {
set.put(lookingAt);
}
return true;
}
// Inside our Node class:
public Node peek(){
return this.next;
}
请原谅我的无知(我对Java和编程仍然相当陌生)，但为什么上面的方法不能工作呢?
I guess this doesn't solve the constant space issue... but it does at least get there in a reasonable time, correct? It will only take the space of the linked list plus the space of a set with n elements (where n is the number of elements in the linked list, or the number of elements until it reaches a loop). And for time, worst-case analysis, I think, would suggest O(nlog(n)). SortedSet look-ups for contains() are log(n) (check the javadoc, but I'm pretty sure TreeSet's underlying structure is TreeMap, whose in turn is a red-black tree), and in the worst case (no loops, or loop at very end), it will have to do n look-ups.
boolean hasCycle(Node head) {
boolean dec = false;
Node first = head;
Node sec = head;
while(first != null && sec != null)
{
first = first.next;
sec = sec.next.next;
if(first == sec )
{
dec = true;
break;
}
}
return dec;
}
使用上述函数在java中检测linkedlist中的循环。
// To detect whether a circular loop exists in a linked list
public boolean findCircularLoop() {
Node slower, faster;
slower = head;
faster = head.next; // start faster one node ahead
while (true) {
// if the faster pointer encounters a NULL element
if (faster == null || faster.next == null)
return false;
// if faster pointer ever equals slower or faster's next
// pointer is ever equal to slower then it's a circular list
else if (slower == faster || slower == faster.next)
return true;
else {
// advance the pointers
slower = slower.next;
faster = faster.next.next;
}
}
}
检测链表中的循环可以用最简单的方法之一来完成，使用hashmap会导致O(N)复杂度，使用基于排序的方法会导致O(NlogN)复杂度。
当您从head开始遍历列表时，创建一个已排序的地址列表。当您插入一个新地址时，检查该地址是否已经在已排序的列表中，这需要O(logN)复杂度。
