如果你想无头运行GUI应用程序，请阅读这里。您需要做的是使用xvfb或其他类似软件创建一个虚拟监视器。如果您想在浏览器上运行Selenium测试，这是非常有用的。

任何地方都没有提到的是，一些软件实际上本身就在Linux容器中使用沙盒。例如，如果你在运行容器时没有使用适当的特权标志，Chrome将永远不会正常运行。

fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop (Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04)

https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop provides a convenient setup. That setup is not minimized. It would be good to minimize it. But I just don't have the time, and that one just works every time I try, so I tend to just use it. On the upside, because it is not minimized, it tends to test more complex programs you might actually to see that they are actually working through the infinitely many pitfalls of Docker. Also, since setups breaks on every guest/host update, a minimization would arguably only work for a limited period until you'd have to reminimize that project again.

要启动它，只需运行:

sudo docker run --name ubvnc -p 6080:80 -p 5900:5900 dorowu/ubuntu-desktop-lxde-vnc:focal

然后在主机上:

visit: http://127.0.0.1:6080/#/ which runs a noVNC more limited JavaScript VNC client run: sudo apt-get install tigervnc-viewer xtigervncviewer :5900 To go into fullscreen mode, hit F8 and click on menu entry, or just F8 followed by T: https://superuser.com/questions/285843/how-do-i-switch-in-out-of-fullscreen-mode-from-the-command-line-in-realvnc You might need to close and reopen the screen after that for the image to get larger. I also tried vinagre, but it was much laggier when scrolling Firefox on YouTube. Inside vinagre, you might want to go into full screen mode to be able to see the full desktop

要退出，只需杀死码头码头。并重新启动机器:

sudo docker start ubvnc

然后重新连接VNC。然后退出机器:

sudo docker stop ubvnc

您必须等待几秒钟，等待客户机上的VNC服务器启动，然后才能进行连接。

客人体内的铬不会从菜单开始。如果你试图从命令行启动它，它会解释为什么:

Running as root without --no-sandbox is not supported. See https://crbug.com/638180.

所以只需从CLI运行它:

chromium-browser --no-sandbox

然而，Firefox并不在意。

待办事项:没有音频。——device /dev/snd没有帮助:

如何在Mac OS Yosemite上的Docker容器中播放声音 https://forums.docker.com/t/how-to-get-sound/36527 https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop/issues/49

编辑:他们为它增加了一个部分:https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop/tree/e4922ce92f945fc482994b7a0fd95ca5de7295b3#sound-preview-version-and-linux-only

参见:

如何在Docker映像中打开Ubuntu GUI

测试:

Ubuntu 19.04主机，fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop, dorowu/ Ubuntu -desktop-lxde-vnc镜像id: 70516b87e92d。 Ubuntu 21.10主机:dorowu/ Ubuntu -desktop-lxde-vnc:focal (Ubuntu 20.04)

你可以允许Docker用户(这里是root)访问X11显示:

XSOCK=/tmp/.X11-unix
xhost +SI:localuser:root 
docker run -t -i --rm -v $XSOCK:$XSOCK:ro -e DISPLAY=unix$(DISPLAY) image 
xhost -SI:localuser:root

我刚刚发现了这篇博客，想在这里与你们分享，因为我认为这是最好的方法，而且很简单。

http://fabiorehm.com/blog/2014/09/11/running-gui-apps-with-docker/

优点: + docker容器中没有x服务器的东西 +不需要VNC客户端/服务器 + SSH不支持x转发 +更小的docker容器

缺点: 在主机上使用x(不是为了安全沙箱)

以防链接有一天会失败，我把最重要的部分放在这里: dockerfile:

FROM ubuntu:14.04

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y firefox

# Replace 1000 with your user / group id
RUN export uid=1000 gid=1000 && \
    mkdir -p /home/developer && \
    echo "developer:x:${uid}:${gid}:Developer,,,:/home/developer:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd && \
    echo "developer:x:${uid}:" >> /etc/group && \
    echo "developer ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" > /etc/sudoers.d/developer && \
    chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/developer && \
    chown ${uid}:${gid} -R /home/developer

USER developer
ENV HOME /home/developer
CMD /usr/bin/firefox

构建映像:

docker build -t firefox .

run命令:

docker run -ti --rm \
   -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY \
   -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
   firefox

当然，你也可以在运行命令中使用sh -c "echo script-here"

提示:音频请查看:https://stackoverflow.com/a/28985715/2835523

上帝还有另一个解决办法。在容器中运行GUI应用程序，而不使用VNC, SSH和X11转发。这里也提到了。

你可以简单地安装一个vncserver和Firefox:)

我推了一个图像，vnc/firefox，在这里:docker拉creack/firefox-vnc

图片是用Dockerfile制作的:

# Firefox over VNC
#
# VERSION               0.1
# DOCKER-VERSION        0.2

FROM    ubuntu:12.04
# Make sure the package repository is up to date
RUN     echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe" > /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN     apt-get update

# Install vnc, xvfb in order to create a 'fake' display and firefox
RUN     apt-get install -y x11vnc xvfb firefox
RUN     mkdir ~/.vnc
# Setup a password
RUN     x11vnc -storepasswd 1234 ~/.vnc/passwd
# Autostart firefox (might not be the best way to do it, but it does the trick)
RUN     bash -c 'echo "firefox" >> /.bashrc'

这将创建一个运行VNC的Docker容器，密码为1234:

对于Docker 18或更新版本:

docker run -p 5900:5900 -e HOME=/ creack/firefox-vnc x11vnc -forever -usepw -create

对于Docker 1.3或更新版本:

docker run -p 5900 -e HOME=/ creack/firefox-vnc x11vnc -forever -usepw -create

对于1.3版本之前的Docker:

docker run -p 5900 creack/firefox-vnc x11vnc -forever -usepw -create