我通过以下步骤从USB摄像头使用opencv在docker中运行视频流:

Let docker access the X server xhost +local:docker Create the X11 Unix socket and the X authentication file XSOCK=/tmp/.X11-unix XAUTH=/tmp/.docker.xauth Add proper permissions xauth nlist $DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^..../ffff/' | xauth -f $XAUTH nmerge - Set the Qt rendering speed to "native", so it doesn't bypass the X11 rendering engine export QT_GRAPHICSSYSTEM=native Tell Qt to not use MIT-SHM (shared memory) - that way it should be also safer security-wise export QT_X11_NO_MITSHM=1 Update the docker run command docker run -it \ -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY \ -e XAUTHORITY=$XAUTH \ -v $XSOCK:$XSOCK \ -v $XAUTH:$XAUTH \ --runtime=nvidia \ --device=/dev/video0:/dev/video0 \ nvcr.io/nvidia/pytorch:19.10-py3

注意:当你完成项目时，返回默认值的访问控制- xhost -local:docker

更多细节:使用GUI的Docker

图片来源:使用Tensorflow、OpenCV和Docker进行实时和视频处理对象检测

您也可以使用subuser: https://github.com/timthelion/subuser

这允许你在docker中打包许多gui应用程序。到目前为止，Firefox和emacs已经进行了测试。然而，在firefox中，webGL却不能正常工作。铬根本不起作用。

编辑:声音工作!

EDIT2:自从我第一次发布这篇文章以来，subbuser已经取得了很大的进步。我现在有了一个subuser.org网站，以及一个通过XPRA桥接连接到X11的新安全模型。

共享主机显示:0，正如在其他一些回答中所述，有两个缺点:

由于某些X安全漏洞，它打破了容器隔离。例如，可以使用xev或xinput进行键盘记录，使用xdotool远程控制主机应用程序。 由于X扩展MIT-SHM缺少共享内存，应用程序可能会出现呈现故障和糟糕的RAM访问错误。(也可以通过隔离降级选项——ipc=host进行修复)。

下面是一个在Xephyr中运行docker映像的示例脚本，可以解决这个问题。

当docker应用程序运行在嵌套的X服务器上时，它避免了X安全泄漏。 MIT-SHM关闭，避免RAM访问失败。 容器安全性通过——cap-drop ALL——security-opt no-new-privileges得到改进。容器用户也不是root用户。 创建一个X cookie来限制对Xephyr显示的访问。

脚本需要一些参数，第一个是在Xephyr中运行的主机窗口管理器，第二个是docker映像，第三个是可选的 要执行的映像命令。 要在docker中运行桌面环境，请使用“:”而不是主机窗口管理器。

关闭Xephyr窗口将终止docker容器应用程序。终止停靠的应用程序关闭Xephyr窗口。

例子:

x11docker/lxde pcmanfm . xphyrdocker "openbox——sm-disable Xephyrdocker: x11docker/lxde Xephyrdocker xfwm4——device /dev/snd jess/nes /games/zelda.rom

xephyrdocker script:

#! /bin/bash
#
# Xephyrdocker:     Example script to run docker GUI applications in Xephyr.
#
# Usage:
#   Xephyrdocker WINDOWMANAGER DOCKERIMAGE [IMAGECOMMAND [ARGS]]
#
# WINDOWMANAGER     host window manager for use with single GUI applications.
#                   To run without window manager from host, use ":"
# DOCKERIMAGE       docker image containing GUI applications or a desktop
# IMAGECOMMAND      command to run in image
#
Windowmanager="$1" && shift
Dockerimage="$*"

# Container user
Useruid=$(id -u)
Usergid=$(id -g)
Username="$(id -un)"
[ "$Useruid" = "0" ] && Useruid=1000 && Usergid=1000 && Username="user$Useruid"

# Find free display number
for ((Newdisplaynumber=1 ; Newdisplaynumber <= 100 ; Newdisplaynumber++)) ; do
  [ -e /tmp/.X11-unix/X$Newdisplaynumber ] || break
done
Newxsocket=/tmp/.X11-unix/X$Newdisplaynumber

# cache folder and files
Cachefolder=/tmp/Xephyrdocker_X$Newdisplaynumber
[ -e "$Cachefolder" ] && rm -R "$Cachefolder"
mkdir -p $Cachefolder
Xclientcookie=$Cachefolder/Xcookie.client
Xservercookie=$Cachefolder/Xcookie.server
Xinitrc=$Cachefolder/xinitrc
Etcpasswd=$Cachefolder/passwd

# command to run docker
# --rm                               created container will be discarded.
# -e DISPLAY=$Newdisplay             set environment variable to new display
# -e XAUTHORITY=/Xcookie             set environment variable XAUTHORITY to provided cookie
# -v $Xclientcookie:/Xcookie:ro      provide cookie file to container
# -v $NewXsocket:$NewXsocket:ro      Share new X socket of Xephyr
# --user $Useruid:$Usergid           Security: avoid root in container
# -v $Etcpasswd:/etc/passwd:ro       /etc/passwd file with user entry
# --group-add audio                  Allow access to /dev/snd if shared with '--device /dev/snd' 
# --cap-drop ALL                     Security: disable needless capabilities
# --security-opt no-new-privileges   Security: forbid new privileges
Dockercommand="docker run --rm \
  -e DISPLAY=:$Newdisplaynumber \
  -e XAUTHORITY=/Xcookie \
  -v $Xclientcookie:/Xcookie:ro \
  -v $Newxsocket:$Newxsocket:rw \
  --user $Useruid:$Usergid \
  -v $Etcpasswd:/etc/passwd:ro \
  --group-add audio \
  --env HOME=/tmp \
  --cap-drop ALL \
  --security-opt no-new-privileges \
  $(command -v docker-init >/dev/null && echo --init) \
  $Dockerimage"

echo "docker command: 
$Dockercommand
"

# command to run Xorg or Xephyr
# /usr/bin/Xephyr                an absolute path to X server executable must be given for xinit
# :$Newdisplaynumber             first argument has to be new display
# -auth $Xservercookie           path to cookie file for X server. Must be different from cookie file of client, not sure why
# -extension MIT-SHM             disable MIT-SHM to avoid rendering glitches and bad RAM access (+ instead of - enables it)
# -nolisten tcp                  disable tcp connections for security reasons
# -retro                         nice retro look
Xcommand="/usr/bin/Xephyr :$Newdisplaynumber \
  -auth $Xservercookie \
  -extension MIT-SHM \
  -nolisten tcp \
  -screen 1000x750x24 \
  -retro"

echo "X server command:
$Xcommand
"

# create /etc/passwd with unprivileged user
echo "root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh" >$Etcpasswd
echo "$Username:x:$Useruid:$Usergid:$Username,,,:/tmp:/bin/sh" >> $Etcpasswd

# create xinitrc
{ echo "#! /bin/bash"

  echo "# set environment variables to new display and new cookie"
  echo "export DISPLAY=:$Newdisplaynumber"
  echo "export XAUTHORITY=$Xclientcookie"

  echo "# same keyboard layout as on host"
  echo "echo '$(setxkbmap -display $DISPLAY -print)' | xkbcomp - :$Newdisplaynumber"

  echo "# create new XAUTHORITY cookie file" 
  echo ":> $Xclientcookie"
  echo "xauth add :$Newdisplaynumber . $(mcookie)"
  echo "# create prepared cookie with localhost identification disabled by ffff,"
  echo "# needed if X socket is shared instead connecting over tcp. ffff means 'familiy wild'"
  echo 'Cookie=$(xauth nlist '":$Newdisplaynumber | sed -e 's/^..../ffff/')" 
  echo 'echo $Cookie | xauth -f '$Xclientcookie' nmerge -'
  echo "cp $Xclientcookie $Xservercookie"
  echo "chmod 644 $Xclientcookie"

  echo "# run window manager in Xephyr"
  echo $Windowmanager' & Windowmanagerpid=$!'

  echo "# show docker log"
  echo 'tail --retry -n +1 -F '$Dockerlogfile' 2>/dev/null & Tailpid=$!'

  echo "# run docker"
  echo "$Dockercommand"
} > $Xinitrc

xinit  $Xinitrc -- $Xcommand
rm -Rf $Cachefolder

这个脚本在x11docker wiki上维护。 更高级的脚本是x11docker，它还支持GPU加速、网络摄像头和打印机共享等功能。

我来晚了，但对于不想走XQuartz道路的Mac用户，这里有一个工作示例，它使用Xvfb和VNC使用桌面环境(xfce)构建Fedora映像。这很简单，也很有效:

https://github.com/ddual/docker_recipes#fedora-with-an-x-window-system https://github.com/ddual/docker_recipes/tree/master/fedora_gui

在Mac上，您可以使用屏幕共享(默认)应用程序访问它，连接到localhost:5901。

Dockerfile：

FROM fedora

USER root

# Set root password, so I know it for the future
RUN echo "root:password123" | chpasswd

# Install Java, Open SSL, etc.
RUN dnf update -y --setopt=deltarpm=false  \
 && dnf install -y --setopt=deltarpm=false \
                openssl.x86_64             \
                java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64  \
                xorg-x11-server-Xvfb       \
                x11vnc                     \
                firefox                    \
                @xfce-desktop-environment  \
 && dnf clean all

# Create developer user (password: password123, uid: 11111)
RUN useradd -u 11111 -g users -d /home/developer -s /bin/bash -p $(echo password123 | openssl passwd -1 -stdin) developer

# Copy startup script over to the developer home
COPY start-vnc.sh /home/developer/start-vnc.sh
RUN chmod 700 /home/developer/start-vnc.sh
RUN chown developer.users /home/developer/start-vnc.sh

# Expose VNC, SSH
EXPOSE 5901 22

# Set up VNC Password and DisplayEnvVar to point to Display1Screen0
USER developer
ENV  DISPLAY :1.0
RUN  mkdir ~/.x11vnc
RUN  x11vnc -storepasswd letmein ~/.x11vnc/passwd

WORKDIR /home/developer
CMD ["/home/developer/start-vnc.sh"]

start-vnc.sh

#!/bin/sh

Xvfb :1 -screen 0 1024x768x24 &
sleep 5
x11vnc -noxdamage -many -display :1 -rfbport 5901 -rfbauth ~/.x11vnc/passwd -bg
sleep 2
xfce4-session &

bash
# while true; do sleep 1000; done

如果需要，请查看链接的自述文件以获得构建和运行命令。

对于使用Nvidia驱动程序的OpenGL渲染，请使用以下图像:

https://github.com/thewtex/docker-opengl-nvidia

对于其他OpenGL实现，确保映像具有与主机相同的实现。

具有BRIDGE网络的Docker。 Ubuntu 16.04使用显示管理器lightdm:

cd /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d
sudo nano user.conf

[Seat:*]
xserver-allow-tcp=true
xserver-command=X -listen tcp

您可以使用更多的私有权限

xhost +

docker run --volume="$HOME/.Xauthority:/root/.Xauthority:rw" --env="DISPLAY=$HOST_IP_IN_BRIDGE_NETWORK:0" --net=bridge $container_name