您也可以使用subuser: https://github.com/timthelion/subuser

这允许你在docker中打包许多gui应用程序。到目前为止，Firefox和emacs已经进行了测试。然而，在firefox中，webGL却不能正常工作。铬根本不起作用。

编辑:声音工作!

EDIT2:自从我第一次发布这篇文章以来，subbuser已经取得了很大的进步。我现在有了一个subuser.org网站，以及一个通过XPRA桥接连接到X11的新安全模型。

我刚刚发现了这篇博客，想在这里与你们分享，因为我认为这是最好的方法，而且很简单。

http://fabiorehm.com/blog/2014/09/11/running-gui-apps-with-docker/

优点: + docker容器中没有x服务器的东西 +不需要VNC客户端/服务器 + SSH不支持x转发 +更小的docker容器

缺点: 在主机上使用x(不是为了安全沙箱)

以防链接有一天会失败，我把最重要的部分放在这里: dockerfile:

FROM ubuntu:14.04

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y firefox

# Replace 1000 with your user / group id
RUN export uid=1000 gid=1000 && \
    mkdir -p /home/developer && \
    echo "developer:x:${uid}:${gid}:Developer,,,:/home/developer:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd && \
    echo "developer:x:${uid}:" >> /etc/group && \
    echo "developer ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" > /etc/sudoers.d/developer && \
    chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/developer && \
    chown ${uid}:${gid} -R /home/developer

USER developer
ENV HOME /home/developer
CMD /usr/bin/firefox

构建映像:

docker build -t firefox .

run命令:

docker run -ti --rm \
   -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY \
   -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
   firefox

当然，你也可以在运行命令中使用sh -c "echo script-here"

提示:音频请查看:https://stackoverflow.com/a/28985715/2835523

Xauthority becomes an issue with newer systems. I can either discard any protection with xhost + before running my docker containers, or I can pass in a well prepared Xauthority file. Typical Xauthority files are hostname specific. With docker, each container can have a different host name (set with docker run -h), but even setting the hostname of the container identical to the host system did not help in my case. xeyes (I like this example) simply would ignore the magic cookie and pass no credentials to the server. Hence we get an error message 'No protocol specified Cannot open display'

Xauthority文件的编写方式可以使主机名无关紧要。 我们需要将认证家族设置为“FamilyWild”。我不确定xauth是否有合适的命令行，所以这里有一个结合xauth和sed的示例。我们需要改变nlist输出的前16位。FamilyWild的值为65535或0xffff。

docker build -t xeyes - << __EOF__
FROM debian
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -qqy x11-apps
ENV DISPLAY :0
CMD xeyes
__EOF__
XSOCK=/tmp/.X11-unix
XAUTH=/tmp/.docker.xauth
xauth nlist :0 | sed -e 's/^..../ffff/' | xauth -f $XAUTH nmerge -
docker run -ti -v $XSOCK:$XSOCK -v $XAUTH:$XAUTH -e XAUTHORITY=$XAUTH xeyes

如果您已经构建了映像，还有另一个答案:

使用sudo调用docker (如何修复docker:获得许可被拒绝的问题) 在主机和容器共享之间共享相同的USER & home & passwd (提示:使用用户id代替用户名) 驱动相关库的dev文件夹工作得很好 加上X11向前。

    docker run --name=CONTAINER_NAME --network=host --privileged \
      -v /dev:/dev \
      -v `echo ~`:/home/${USER} \
      -p 8080:80 \
      --user=`id -u ${USER}` \
      --env="DISPLAY" \
      --volume="/etc/group:/etc/group:ro" \
      --volume="/etc/passwd:/etc/passwd:ro" \
      --volume="/etc/shadow:/etc/shadow:ro" \
      --volume="/etc/sudoers.d:/etc/sudoers.d:ro" \
      --volume="/tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix:rw" \
      -it REPO:TAG /bin/bash

你可能会问，如果这么多东西都是一样的，那么使用docker还有什么意义呢?嗯，我能想到的一个原因是克服软件包依赖的地狱(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_hell)。

所以我认为这种用法更适合开发人员。

共享主机显示:0，正如在其他一些回答中所述，有两个缺点:

由于某些X安全漏洞，它打破了容器隔离。例如，可以使用xev或xinput进行键盘记录，使用xdotool远程控制主机应用程序。 由于X扩展MIT-SHM缺少共享内存，应用程序可能会出现呈现故障和糟糕的RAM访问错误。(也可以通过隔离降级选项——ipc=host进行修复)。

下面是一个在Xephyr中运行docker映像的示例脚本，可以解决这个问题。

当docker应用程序运行在嵌套的X服务器上时，它避免了X安全泄漏。 MIT-SHM关闭，避免RAM访问失败。 容器安全性通过——cap-drop ALL——security-opt no-new-privileges得到改进。容器用户也不是root用户。 创建一个X cookie来限制对Xephyr显示的访问。

脚本需要一些参数，第一个是在Xephyr中运行的主机窗口管理器，第二个是docker映像，第三个是可选的 要执行的映像命令。 要在docker中运行桌面环境，请使用“:”而不是主机窗口管理器。

关闭Xephyr窗口将终止docker容器应用程序。终止停靠的应用程序关闭Xephyr窗口。

例子:

x11docker/lxde pcmanfm . xphyrdocker "openbox——sm-disable Xephyrdocker: x11docker/lxde Xephyrdocker xfwm4——device /dev/snd jess/nes /games/zelda.rom

xephyrdocker script:

#! /bin/bash
#
# Xephyrdocker:     Example script to run docker GUI applications in Xephyr.
#
# Usage:
#   Xephyrdocker WINDOWMANAGER DOCKERIMAGE [IMAGECOMMAND [ARGS]]
#
# WINDOWMANAGER     host window manager for use with single GUI applications.
#                   To run without window manager from host, use ":"
# DOCKERIMAGE       docker image containing GUI applications or a desktop
# IMAGECOMMAND      command to run in image
#
Windowmanager="$1" && shift
Dockerimage="$*"

# Container user
Useruid=$(id -u)
Usergid=$(id -g)
Username="$(id -un)"
[ "$Useruid" = "0" ] && Useruid=1000 && Usergid=1000 && Username="user$Useruid"

# Find free display number
for ((Newdisplaynumber=1 ; Newdisplaynumber <= 100 ; Newdisplaynumber++)) ; do
  [ -e /tmp/.X11-unix/X$Newdisplaynumber ] || break
done
Newxsocket=/tmp/.X11-unix/X$Newdisplaynumber

# cache folder and files
Cachefolder=/tmp/Xephyrdocker_X$Newdisplaynumber
[ -e "$Cachefolder" ] && rm -R "$Cachefolder"
mkdir -p $Cachefolder
Xclientcookie=$Cachefolder/Xcookie.client
Xservercookie=$Cachefolder/Xcookie.server
Xinitrc=$Cachefolder/xinitrc
Etcpasswd=$Cachefolder/passwd

# command to run docker
# --rm                               created container will be discarded.
# -e DISPLAY=$Newdisplay             set environment variable to new display
# -e XAUTHORITY=/Xcookie             set environment variable XAUTHORITY to provided cookie
# -v $Xclientcookie:/Xcookie:ro      provide cookie file to container
# -v $NewXsocket:$NewXsocket:ro      Share new X socket of Xephyr
# --user $Useruid:$Usergid           Security: avoid root in container
# -v $Etcpasswd:/etc/passwd:ro       /etc/passwd file with user entry
# --group-add audio                  Allow access to /dev/snd if shared with '--device /dev/snd' 
# --cap-drop ALL                     Security: disable needless capabilities
# --security-opt no-new-privileges   Security: forbid new privileges
Dockercommand="docker run --rm \
  -e DISPLAY=:$Newdisplaynumber \
  -e XAUTHORITY=/Xcookie \
  -v $Xclientcookie:/Xcookie:ro \
  -v $Newxsocket:$Newxsocket:rw \
  --user $Useruid:$Usergid \
  -v $Etcpasswd:/etc/passwd:ro \
  --group-add audio \
  --env HOME=/tmp \
  --cap-drop ALL \
  --security-opt no-new-privileges \
  $(command -v docker-init >/dev/null && echo --init) \
  $Dockerimage"

echo "docker command: 
$Dockercommand
"

# command to run Xorg or Xephyr
# /usr/bin/Xephyr                an absolute path to X server executable must be given for xinit
# :$Newdisplaynumber             first argument has to be new display
# -auth $Xservercookie           path to cookie file for X server. Must be different from cookie file of client, not sure why
# -extension MIT-SHM             disable MIT-SHM to avoid rendering glitches and bad RAM access (+ instead of - enables it)
# -nolisten tcp                  disable tcp connections for security reasons
# -retro                         nice retro look
Xcommand="/usr/bin/Xephyr :$Newdisplaynumber \
  -auth $Xservercookie \
  -extension MIT-SHM \
  -nolisten tcp \
  -screen 1000x750x24 \
  -retro"

echo "X server command:
$Xcommand
"

# create /etc/passwd with unprivileged user
echo "root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh" >$Etcpasswd
echo "$Username:x:$Useruid:$Usergid:$Username,,,:/tmp:/bin/sh" >> $Etcpasswd

# create xinitrc
{ echo "#! /bin/bash"

  echo "# set environment variables to new display and new cookie"
  echo "export DISPLAY=:$Newdisplaynumber"
  echo "export XAUTHORITY=$Xclientcookie"

  echo "# same keyboard layout as on host"
  echo "echo '$(setxkbmap -display $DISPLAY -print)' | xkbcomp - :$Newdisplaynumber"

  echo "# create new XAUTHORITY cookie file" 
  echo ":> $Xclientcookie"
  echo "xauth add :$Newdisplaynumber . $(mcookie)"
  echo "# create prepared cookie with localhost identification disabled by ffff,"
  echo "# needed if X socket is shared instead connecting over tcp. ffff means 'familiy wild'"
  echo 'Cookie=$(xauth nlist '":$Newdisplaynumber | sed -e 's/^..../ffff/')" 
  echo 'echo $Cookie | xauth -f '$Xclientcookie' nmerge -'
  echo "cp $Xclientcookie $Xservercookie"
  echo "chmod 644 $Xclientcookie"

  echo "# run window manager in Xephyr"
  echo $Windowmanager' & Windowmanagerpid=$!'

  echo "# show docker log"
  echo 'tail --retry -n +1 -F '$Dockerlogfile' 2>/dev/null & Tailpid=$!'

  echo "# run docker"
  echo "$Dockercommand"
} > $Xinitrc

xinit  $Xinitrc -- $Xcommand
rm -Rf $Cachefolder

这个脚本在x11docker wiki上维护。 更高级的脚本是x11docker，它还支持GPU加速、网络摄像头和打印机共享等功能。

你可以允许Docker用户(这里是root)访问X11显示:

XSOCK=/tmp/.X11-unix
xhost +SI:localuser:root 
docker run -t -i --rm -v $XSOCK:$XSOCK:ro -e DISPLAY=unix$(DISPLAY) image 
xhost -SI:localuser:root