我知道有大量的$_SERVER变量头可用于IP地址检索。我想知道是否有一个普遍的共识,如何最准确地检索用户的真实IP地址(好知道没有方法是完美的)使用上述变量?

我花了一些时间试图找到一个深入的解决方案,并根据一些来源提出了以下代码。如果有人能在答案中找出漏洞,或者提供一些更准确的信息,我会很高兴。

edit包含来自@Alix的优化

 /**
  * Retrieves the best guess of the client's actual IP address.
  * Takes into account numerous HTTP proxy headers due to variations
  * in how different ISPs handle IP addresses in headers between hops.
  */
 public function get_ip_address() {
  // Check for shared internet/ISP IP
  if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) && $this->validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']))
   return $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];

  // Check for IPs passing through proxies
  if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {
   // Check if multiple IP addresses exist in var
    $iplist = explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']);
    foreach ($iplist as $ip) {
     if ($this->validate_ip($ip))
      return $ip;
    }
   }
  }
  if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']) && $this->validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']))
   return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
  if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']) && $this->validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']))
   return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP'];
  if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']) && $this->validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']))
   return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
  if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']) && $this->validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']))
   return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];

  // Return unreliable IP address since all else failed
  return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
 }

 /**
  * Ensures an IP address is both a valid IP address and does not fall within
  * a private network range.
  *
  * @access public
  * @param string $ip
  */
 public function validate_ip($ip) {
     if (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, 
                         FILTER_FLAG_IPV4 | 
                         FILTER_FLAG_IPV6 |
                         FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE | 
                         FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE) === false)
         return false;
     self::$ip = $ip;
     return true;
 }

警告之词(更新)

REMOTE_ADDR仍然表示最可靠的IP地址来源。这里提到的其他$_SERVER变量很容易被远程客户端欺骗。此解决方案的目的是试图确定位于代理后面的客户机的IP地址。出于一般目的,您可以考虑将其与直接从$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']返回的IP地址结合使用,并存储两者。

对于99.9%的用户,这个解决方案将完美地满足您的需求。它不能保护您免受0.1%的恶意用户通过注入他们自己的请求头来滥用您的系统。如果某些关键任务依赖于IP地址,请使用REMOTE_ADDR,而不必费心满足代理背后的需求。


当前回答

然而,即使这样,获取用户的真实IP地址也是不可靠的。他们所需要做的就是使用一个匿名的代理服务器(一个不尊重http_x_forwarded_for, http_forwarded等的头),你得到的只是他们的代理服务器的IP地址。

然后,您可以查看是否有一个匿名的代理服务器IP地址列表,但没有办法确保这是100%准确的,它所做的最多是让您知道这是一个代理服务器。如果有人很聪明,他们可以欺骗HTTP转发的报头。

假设我不喜欢当地的大学。我知道他们注册了什么IP地址,然后通过做坏事让他们的IP地址在你的网站上被禁止,因为我知道你遵守HTTP转发。这样的例子不胜枚举。

然后,正如您所猜测的那样,还有内部IP地址,例如我前面提到的学院网络。很多人使用10.x.x。x格式。所以你只知道它被转发到一个共享网络。

那我就不多说了,动态IP地址已经是宽带的方式了。所以。即使你获得了一个用户IP地址,预计它最多2 - 3个月就会改变。

其他回答

我想出了这个函数,它不简单地返回IP地址,而是一个具有IP信息的数组。

// Example usage:
$info = ip_info();
if ( $info->proxy ) {
    echo 'Your IP is ' . $info->ip;
} else {
    echo 'Your IP is ' . $info->ip . ' and your proxy is ' . $info->proxy_ip;
}

函数如下:

/**
 * Retrieves the best guess of the client's actual IP address.
 * Takes into account numerous HTTP proxy headers due to variations
 * in how different ISPs handle IP addresses in headers between hops.
 *
 * @since 1.1.3
 *
 * @return object {
 *         IP Address details
 *
 *         string $ip The users IP address (might be spoofed, if $proxy is true)
 *         bool $proxy True, if a proxy was detected
 *         string $proxy_id The proxy-server IP address
 * }
 */
function ip_info() {
    $result = (object) array(
        'ip' => $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'],
        'proxy' => false,
        'proxy_ip' => '',
    );

    /*
     * This code tries to bypass a proxy and get the actual IP address of
     * the visitor behind the proxy.
     * Warning: These values might be spoofed!
     */
    $ip_fields = array(
        'HTTP_CLIENT_IP',
        'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR',
        'HTTP_X_FORWARDED',
        'HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP',
        'HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR',
        'HTTP_FORWARDED',
        'REMOTE_ADDR',
    );
    foreach ( $ip_fields as $key ) {
        if ( array_key_exists( $key, $_SERVER ) === true ) {
            foreach ( explode( ',', $_SERVER[$key] ) as $ip ) {
                $ip = trim( $ip );

                if ( filter_var( $ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE | FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE ) !== false ) {
                    $forwarded = $ip;
                    break 2;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // If we found a different IP address then REMOTE_ADDR then it's a proxy!
    if ( $forwarded != $result->ip ) {
        $result->proxy = true;
        $result->proxy_ip = $result->ip;
        $result->ip = $forwarded;
    }

    return $result;
}

谢谢,非常有用。

如果代码在语法上是正确的,这将会有所帮助。在第20行有一个{too many。这恐怕意味着没人真正尝试过。

我可能疯了,但在尝试了一些有效和无效的地址后,validate_ip()唯一有效的版本是这样的:

    public function validate_ip($ip)
    {
        if (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE) === false)
            return false;
        if (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE) === false)
            return false;
        if (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV4) === false && filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV6) === false)
            return false;

        return true;
    }

最大的问题是目的是什么?

你的代码几乎是全面的,因为它可以-但我看到,如果你发现什么看起来像一个代理添加头,你使用它而不是CLIENT_IP,然而,如果你想要这个信息的审计目的,然后警告-它很容易伪造。

当然,您绝不应该使用IP地址进行任何形式的身份验证——即使这些地址也可能被欺骗。

您可以通过推出一个flash或java applet来更好地测量客户端ip地址,它通过非http端口连接回服务器(因此会显示透明代理或代理注入的报头为假的情况下),但请记住,当客户端只能通过web代理连接或传出端口被阻塞时,将不会有来自applet的连接。

i realize there are much better and more concise answers above, and this isnt a function nor the most graceful script around. In our case we needed to output both the spoofable x_forwarded_for and the more reliable remote_addr in a simplistic switch per-say. It needed to allow blanks for injecting into other functions if-none or if-singular (rather than just returning the preformatted function). It needed an "on or off" var with a per-switch customized label(s) for platform settings. It also needed a way for $ip to be dynamic depending on request so that it would take form of forwarded_for.

我也没有看到任何人地址isset() vs !empty()——它可能没有为x_forwarded_for输入任何内容,但仍然触发isset()真理导致空白var,一种解决方法是使用&&并结合两者作为条件。请记住,您可以欺骗像“PWNED”这样的单词为x_forwarded_for,因此,如果您的输出在某个受保护的地方或到DB中,请确保您将其杀菌为真实ip语法。

此外,如果您需要一个多代理来查看x_forwarder_for中的数组,则可以使用谷歌translate进行测试。如果你想欺骗头部测试,检查这个Chrome客户端头部欺骗扩展。这将默认只是标准的remote_addr,而后面的一个代理。

我不知道任何情况下,remote_addr可以是空的,但它在那里,以防万一。

// proxybuster - attempts to un-hide originating IP if [reverse]proxy provides methods to do so
  $enableProxyBust = true;

if (($enableProxyBust == true) && (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) && (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) && (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']))) {
    $ip = end(array_values(array_filter(explode(',',$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']))));
    $ipProxy = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
    $ipProxy_label = ' behind proxy ';
} elseif (($enableProxyBust == true) && (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']))) {
    $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
    $ipProxy = '';
    $ipProxy_label = ' no proxy ';
} elseif (($enableProxyBust == false) && (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']))) {
    $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
    $ipProxy = '';
    $ipProxy_label = '';
} else {
    $ip = '';
    $ipProxy = '';
    $ipProxy_label = '';
}

为了使这些动态用于下面的函数或查询/回显/视图,比如日志生成或错误报告,使用全局变量或在任何你想要的地方回显em,而不需要创建大量其他条件或静态模式输出函数。

function fooNow() {
    global $ip, $ipProxy, $ipProxy_label;
    // begin this actions such as log, error, query, or report
}

谢谢你的好想法。请让我知道如果这可以更好,仍然有点新的这些头:)

/**
 * Sanitizes IPv4 address according to Ilia Alshanetsky's book
 * "php|architect?s Guide to PHP Security", chapter 2, page 67.
 *
 * @param string $ip An IPv4 address
 */
public static function sanitizeIpAddress($ip = '')
{
if ($ip == '')
    {
    $rtnStr = '0.0.0.0';
    }
else
    {
    $rtnStr = long2ip(ip2long($ip));
    }

return $rtnStr;
}

//---------------------------------------------------

/**
 * Returns the sanitized HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR server variable.
 *
 */
public static function getXForwardedFor()
{
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']))
    {
    $rtnStr = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    }
elseif (isset($HTTP_SERVER_VARS['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']))
    {
    $rtnStr = $HTTP_SERVER_VARS['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    }
elseif (getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'))
    {
    $rtnStr = getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR');
    }
else
    {
    $rtnStr = '';
    }

// Sanitize IPv4 address (Ilia Alshanetsky):
if ($rtnStr != '')
    {
    $rtnStr = explode(', ', $rtnStr);
    $rtnStr = self::sanitizeIpAddress($rtnStr[0]);
    }

return $rtnStr;
}

//---------------------------------------------------

/**
 * Returns the sanitized REMOTE_ADDR server variable.
 *
 */
public static function getRemoteAddr()
{
if (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']))
    {
    $rtnStr = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
    }
elseif (isset($HTTP_SERVER_VARS['REMOTE_ADDR']))
    {
    $rtnStr = $HTTP_SERVER_VARS['REMOTE_ADDR'];
    }
elseif (getenv('REMOTE_ADDR'))
    {
    $rtnStr = getenv('REMOTE_ADDR');
    }
else
    {
    $rtnStr = '';
    }

// Sanitize IPv4 address (Ilia Alshanetsky):
if ($rtnStr != '')
    {
    $rtnStr = explode(', ', $rtnStr);
    $rtnStr = self::sanitizeIpAddress($rtnStr[0]);
    }

return $rtnStr;
}

//---------------------------------------------------

/**
 * Returns the sanitized remote user and proxy IP addresses.
 *
 */
public static function getIpAndProxy()
{
$xForwarded = self::getXForwardedFor();
$remoteAddr = self::getRemoteAddr();

if ($xForwarded != '')
    {
    $ip    = $xForwarded;
    $proxy = $remoteAddr;
    }
else
    {
    $ip    = $remoteAddr;
    $proxy = '';
    }

return array($ip, $proxy);
}