我编写了这个小包，它允许您通过项目根的相对路径来要求包，而不引入任何全局变量或覆盖节点默认值

https://github.com/Gaafar/pkg-require

它是这样工作的

// create an instance that will find the nearest parent dir containing package.json from your __dirname
const pkgRequire = require('pkg-require')(__dirname);

// require a file relative to the your package.json directory 
const foo = pkgRequire('foo/foo')

// get the absolute path for a file
const absolutePathToFoo = pkgRequire.resolve('foo/foo')

// get the absolute path to your root directory
const packageRootPath = pkgRequire.root()

我认为你不需要用你描述的方式来解决这个问题。如果您想在大量文件中更改相同的字符串，请使用sed。在你的例子中，

find . -name "*.js" -exec sed -i 's/\.\.\/\.\.\//\.\.\//g' {} +

/../变成了../

或者，您可以要求配置文件存储包含库路径的变量。如果您将以下文件存储为config.js在示例目录中

var config = {};
config.path = '../../';

在你的例子文件中

myConfiguration = require('./config');
express = require(config.path);

您将能够从一个文件控制每个示例的配置。

这只是个人喜好。

手动符号链接(和Windows连接)

examples目录中不能包含一个node_modules，该node_modules带有指向项目根目录的符号链接吗?/因此允许示例使用require('project')，尽管这并没有删除映射，但它允许源代码使用require('project')而不是require('../../')。

我已经对此进行了测试，它确实适用于v0.6.18。

项目目录清单:

$ ls -lR project
project:
drwxr-xr-x 3 user user 4096 2012-06-02 03:51 examples
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   49 2012-06-02 03:51 index.js

project/examples:
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 2012-06-02 03:50 node_modules
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   20 2012-06-02 03:51 test.js

project/examples/node_modules:
lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user 6 2012-06-02 03:50 project -> ../../

index.js的内容将一个值赋给exports对象的一个属性，并调用console.log，并用一条消息声明它是必需的。test.js的内容是require('project')。

自动化的符号链接

手动创建符号链接的问题是，每次你npm ci时，你都会丢失符号链接。如果您使符号链接进程成为依赖项，那么就没有问题。

模块basetag是一个postinstall脚本，它在每次运行npm install或npm ci时创建一个名为$的符号链接(或Windows连接):

npm install --save basetag

node_modules/$ -> ..

这样，您就不需要对代码或require系统进行任何特殊修改。$成为您可以从中进行请求的根。

var foo = require('$/lib/foo.js');

如果你不喜欢使用$，而更喜欢#或其他(除了@，这是npm的一个特殊字符)，你可以fork它并进行更改。

注意:虽然Windows符号链接(到文件)需要管理员权限，但Windows连接(到目录)不需要管理员权限。这是一种安全、可靠、跨平台的解决方案。

如果有人正在寻找另一种方法来解决这个问题，这里是我自己的贡献:

https://www.npmjs.com/package/use-import

基本思路:在项目的根目录中创建一个JSON文件，将文件路径映射为简写名称(或者让use-automapper为您完成)。然后您可以使用这些名称请求您的文件/模块。像这样:

var use = require('use-import');
var MyClass = use('MyClass');

就是这样。

如果你的应用程序的入口点js文件(即你实际运行“node”的文件)在你的项目根目录下，你可以很容易地用rootpath npm模块做到这一点。只需通过

npm install --save rootpath

.．.然后在入口点js文件的最上面，添加:

require('rootpath')();

从那时起，所有的require调用现在都相对于项目根——例如require('../../../config/debugging/log');就要求(“配置/调试/日志”);(其中配置文件夹在项目根目录下)。

在Browserify手册中有一个非常有趣的章节:

avoiding ../../../../../../.. Not everything in an application properly belongs on the public npm and the overhead of setting up a private npm or git repo is still rather large in many cases. Here are some approaches for avoiding the ../../../../../../../ relative paths problem. node_modules People sometimes object to putting application-specific modules into node_modules because it is not obvious how to check in your internal modules without also checking in third-party modules from npm. The answer is quite simple! If you have a .gitignore file that ignores node_modules: node_modules You can just add an exception with ! for each of your internal application modules: node_modules/* !node_modules/foo !node_modules/bar Please note that you can't unignore a subdirectory, if the parent is already ignored. So instead of ignoring node_modules, you have to ignore every directory inside node_modules with the node_modules/* trick, and then you can add your exceptions. Now anywhere in your application you will be able to require('foo') or require('bar') without having a very large and fragile relative path. If you have a lot of modules and want to keep them more separate from the third-party modules installed by npm, you can just put them all under a directory in node_modules such as node_modules/app: node_modules/app/foo node_modules/app/bar Now you will be able to require('app/foo') or require('app/bar') from anywhere in your application. In your .gitignore, just add an exception for node_modules/app: node_modules/* !node_modules/app If your application had transforms configured in package.json, you'll need to create a separate package.json with its own transform field in your node_modules/foo or node_modules/app/foo component directory because transforms don't apply across module boundaries. This will make your modules more robust against configuration changes in your application and it will be easier to independently reuse the packages outside of your application. symlink Another handy trick if you are working on an application where you can make symlinks and don't need to support windows is to symlink a lib/ or app/ folder into node_modules. From the project root, do: ln -s ../lib node_modules/app and now from anywhere in your project you'll be able to require files in lib/ by doing require('app/foo.js') to get lib/foo.js. custom paths You might see some places talk about using the $NODE_PATH environment variable or opts.paths to add directories for node and browserify to look in to find modules. Unlike most other platforms, using a shell-style array of path directories with $NODE_PATH is not as favorable in node compared to making effective use of the node_modules directory. This is because your application is more tightly coupled to a runtime environment configuration so there are more moving parts and your application will only work when your environment is setup correctly. node and browserify both support but discourage the use of $NODE_PATH.