虽然这些答案工作，但他们没有解决npm测试的问题

例如，如果我在server.js中创建一个全局变量，它将不会为我的测试套件执行设置。

设置全局apot变量，避免../../..在npm start和npm test中都可以使用，参见:

Mocha使用额外的选项或参数进行测试

请注意，这是新的官方摩卡解决方案。

手动符号链接(和Windows连接)

examples目录中不能包含一个node_modules，该node_modules带有指向项目根目录的符号链接吗?/因此允许示例使用require('project')，尽管这并没有删除映射，但它允许源代码使用require('project')而不是require('../../')。

我已经对此进行了测试，它确实适用于v0.6.18。

项目目录清单:

$ ls -lR project
project:
drwxr-xr-x 3 user user 4096 2012-06-02 03:51 examples
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   49 2012-06-02 03:51 index.js

project/examples:
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 2012-06-02 03:50 node_modules
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   20 2012-06-02 03:51 test.js

project/examples/node_modules:
lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user 6 2012-06-02 03:50 project -> ../../

index.js的内容将一个值赋给exports对象的一个属性，并调用console.log，并用一条消息声明它是必需的。test.js的内容是require('project')。

自动化的符号链接

手动创建符号链接的问题是，每次你npm ci时，你都会丢失符号链接。如果您使符号链接进程成为依赖项，那么就没有问题。

模块basetag是一个postinstall脚本，它在每次运行npm install或npm ci时创建一个名为$的符号链接(或Windows连接):

npm install --save basetag

node_modules/$ -> ..

这样，您就不需要对代码或require系统进行任何特殊修改。$成为您可以从中进行请求的根。

var foo = require('$/lib/foo.js');

如果你不喜欢使用$，而更喜欢#或其他(除了@，这是npm的一个特殊字符)，你可以fork它并进行更改。

注意:虽然Windows符号链接(到文件)需要管理员权限，但Windows连接(到目录)不需要管理员权限。这是一种安全、可靠、跨平台的解决方案。

在Browserify手册中有一个非常有趣的章节:

avoiding ../../../../../../.. Not everything in an application properly belongs on the public npm and the overhead of setting up a private npm or git repo is still rather large in many cases. Here are some approaches for avoiding the ../../../../../../../ relative paths problem. node_modules People sometimes object to putting application-specific modules into node_modules because it is not obvious how to check in your internal modules without also checking in third-party modules from npm. The answer is quite simple! If you have a .gitignore file that ignores node_modules: node_modules You can just add an exception with ! for each of your internal application modules: node_modules/* !node_modules/foo !node_modules/bar Please note that you can't unignore a subdirectory, if the parent is already ignored. So instead of ignoring node_modules, you have to ignore every directory inside node_modules with the node_modules/* trick, and then you can add your exceptions. Now anywhere in your application you will be able to require('foo') or require('bar') without having a very large and fragile relative path. If you have a lot of modules and want to keep them more separate from the third-party modules installed by npm, you can just put them all under a directory in node_modules such as node_modules/app: node_modules/app/foo node_modules/app/bar Now you will be able to require('app/foo') or require('app/bar') from anywhere in your application. In your .gitignore, just add an exception for node_modules/app: node_modules/* !node_modules/app If your application had transforms configured in package.json, you'll need to create a separate package.json with its own transform field in your node_modules/foo or node_modules/app/foo component directory because transforms don't apply across module boundaries. This will make your modules more robust against configuration changes in your application and it will be easier to independently reuse the packages outside of your application. symlink Another handy trick if you are working on an application where you can make symlinks and don't need to support windows is to symlink a lib/ or app/ folder into node_modules. From the project root, do: ln -s ../lib node_modules/app and now from anywhere in your project you'll be able to require files in lib/ by doing require('app/foo.js') to get lib/foo.js. custom paths You might see some places talk about using the $NODE_PATH environment variable or opts.paths to add directories for node and browserify to look in to find modules. Unlike most other platforms, using a shell-style array of path directories with $NODE_PATH is not as favorable in node compared to making effective use of the node_modules directory. This is because your application is more tightly coupled to a runtime environment configuration so there are more moving parts and your application will only work when your environment is setup correctly. node and browserify both support but discourage the use of $NODE_PATH.

我编写了这个小包，它允许您通过项目根的相对路径来要求包，而不引入任何全局变量或覆盖节点默认值

https://github.com/Gaafar/pkg-require

它是这样工作的

// create an instance that will find the nearest parent dir containing package.json from your __dirname
const pkgRequire = require('pkg-require')(__dirname);

// require a file relative to the your package.json directory 
const foo = pkgRequire('foo/foo')

// get the absolute path for a file
const absolutePathToFoo = pkgRequire.resolve('foo/foo')

// get the absolute path to your root directory
const packageRootPath = pkgRequire.root()

在简单的行中，你可以调用自己的文件夹为module:

为此，我们需要:global和app-module-path module

这里“App-module-path”是模块，它允许你添加额外的目录到Node.js模块搜索路径 global的意思是，你附加到这个对象的任何东西b在你的应用中都是可用的。

现在看一下这个片段:

global.appBasePath = __dirname;

require('app-module-path').addPath(appBasePath);

__dirname为节点当前运行目录。您可以在这里给出自己的路径来搜索模块的路径。

我实现这一点的方法是创建“本地链接模块”。

的文件夹结构为例

db ¬ 
    models ¬
        index.js
    migrations
    seed
    config.json

routes ¬
    index.js
    user ¬
        index.js

如果从。/routes/user/index.js我想访问/db/models/index.js我会写

require('../../db/models/index.js')

为了使/db/models/index.js可以从任何地方访问，我在db文件夹中创建了一个名为_module_的文件夹，其中包含一个包。Json和一个main.js文件。

# package.json
{
    "name": "db", <-- change this to what you want your require name to be
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "description": "",
    "author": "",
    "repository": {},
    "main": "main.js"
}

// main.js
module.exports = require('../../db/models/index');

main.js中的路径必须是相对的，就像文件在node_modules中一样

node_modules ¬
    db ¬
        main.js

然后你可以运行npm install ./db/_module_，这将把。/db/_module_中的文件复制到。/node_modules/db中，在应用程序包的依赖项下创建一个条目。json之类的

"db": "file:db/_module_"

您现在可以在任何地方使用此包

const db = require('db');

当你运行npm install时，它会自动安装你的其他模块，工作跨平台(没有符号链接)，并且不需要第三方包。