这里有关于这个问题的很好的讨论。

我遇到了同样的架构问题:想要给我的应用程序更多的组织和内部名称空间，但没有:

将应用程序模块与外部依赖项混合，或者为特定于应用程序的代码使用私有NPM回购 使用相对要求，使得重构和理解更加困难 使用符号链接或更改节点路径，这可能会模糊源代码位置，并且不能很好地进行源代码控制

最后，我决定使用文件命名约定而不是目录来组织我的代码。结构应该是这样的:

npm-shrinkwrap.json package.json node_modules .．. src app.js app.config.js app.models.bar.js app.models.foo.js app.web.js app.web.routes.js .．.

然后在代码中:

var app_config = require('./app.config');
var app_models_foo = require('./app.models.foo');

或者只是

var config = require('./app.config');
var foo = require('./app.models.foo');

和往常一样，外部依赖项可以从node_modules中获得:

var express = require('express');

通过这种方式，所有应用程序代码都按层次结构组织成模块，相对于应用程序根，所有其他代码都可以使用。

当然，主要的缺点是在文件浏览器中，您不能展开/折叠树，就好像它实际上被组织成目录一样。但我喜欢它非常明确所有代码的来源，而且它没有使用任何“魔法”。

还有:

var myModule = require.main.require('./path/to/module');

它需要的文件，就像它被要求从主js文件，所以它工作得很好，只要你的主js文件是在你的项目的根…这一点我很感激。

刚刚看到这篇文章提到了app-module-path。它允许你这样配置一个基础:

require('app-module-path').addPath(baseDir);

这里已经有很多好答案了。这只是说明这是一个普遍的问题，没有明确的最佳解决方案。当然最好是在Node.js中提供本地支持。以下是我目前使用的:

const r  = p => require (process.cwd() + p);
let see  = r ('/Subs/SubA/someFile.js' );
let see2 = r ('/Subs/SubB/someFile2.js');
...

我喜欢这个解决方案，因为require部分变得更短，不需要键入'require'很多次。绝对路径的主要好处是，您可以将它们从一个文件复制到另一个文件，而不必像使用相对路径那样对它们进行调整。因此，复制额外的一行箭头函数'r()'也不会有太多额外的工作。为了完成这个非常简单的任务，不需要导入额外的npm依赖项。

在Browserify手册中有一个非常有趣的章节:

avoiding ../../../../../../.. Not everything in an application properly belongs on the public npm and the overhead of setting up a private npm or git repo is still rather large in many cases. Here are some approaches for avoiding the ../../../../../../../ relative paths problem. node_modules People sometimes object to putting application-specific modules into node_modules because it is not obvious how to check in your internal modules without also checking in third-party modules from npm. The answer is quite simple! If you have a .gitignore file that ignores node_modules: node_modules You can just add an exception with ! for each of your internal application modules: node_modules/* !node_modules/foo !node_modules/bar Please note that you can't unignore a subdirectory, if the parent is already ignored. So instead of ignoring node_modules, you have to ignore every directory inside node_modules with the node_modules/* trick, and then you can add your exceptions. Now anywhere in your application you will be able to require('foo') or require('bar') without having a very large and fragile relative path. If you have a lot of modules and want to keep them more separate from the third-party modules installed by npm, you can just put them all under a directory in node_modules such as node_modules/app: node_modules/app/foo node_modules/app/bar Now you will be able to require('app/foo') or require('app/bar') from anywhere in your application. In your .gitignore, just add an exception for node_modules/app: node_modules/* !node_modules/app If your application had transforms configured in package.json, you'll need to create a separate package.json with its own transform field in your node_modules/foo or node_modules/app/foo component directory because transforms don't apply across module boundaries. This will make your modules more robust against configuration changes in your application and it will be easier to independently reuse the packages outside of your application. symlink Another handy trick if you are working on an application where you can make symlinks and don't need to support windows is to symlink a lib/ or app/ folder into node_modules. From the project root, do: ln -s ../lib node_modules/app and now from anywhere in your project you'll be able to require files in lib/ by doing require('app/foo.js') to get lib/foo.js. custom paths You might see some places talk about using the $NODE_PATH environment variable or opts.paths to add directories for node and browserify to look in to find modules. Unlike most other platforms, using a shell-style array of path directories with $NODE_PATH is not as favorable in node compared to making effective use of the node_modules directory. This is because your application is more tightly coupled to a runtime environment configuration so there are more moving parts and your application will only work when your environment is setup correctly. node and browserify both support but discourage the use of $NODE_PATH.

你可以在app.js中定义这样的东西:

requireFromRoot = (function(root) {
    return function(resource) {
        return require(root+"/"+resource);
    }
})(__dirname);

然后任何时候你想从根目录中要求一些东西，无论你在哪里，你只需要使用requireFromRoot而不是普通的require。到目前为止对我来说还不错。