在我的例子中:

我有一个项目包含几个模块，包括应用程序，测试，integrationTest 我在app模块中创建了OneElementCache。 然后，我在测试模块中创建了一个文件Cache，该文件包含了一些用于在测试中创建OneElementCache的帮助。 到目前为止，一切都很完美(测试和集成测试都通过了)。 之后，我在app模块中创建了一个文件缓存。 在运行integrationTest时得到:

Caused by: java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: 
    class app.cache.CacheImpl can not implement app.cache.Cache, because it is not an interface (app.cache.Cache is in unnamed module of loader 'app')

原因是不同模块(app/test)的命名冲突。在测试中更改文件名就可以了。

如果你从事android开发。然后给一个尝试重建选项可能是为你修复。

While these answers are all correct, resolving the problem is often more difficult. It's generally the result of two mildly different versions of the same dependency on the classpath, and is almost always caused by either a different superclass than was originally compiled against being on the classpath or some import of the transitive closure being different, but generally at class instantiation and constructor invocation. (After successful class loading and ctor invocation, you'll get NoSuchMethodException or whatnot.)

如果这种行为看起来是随机的，那么它很可能是多线程程序类根据最先遇到的代码加载不同的传递依赖项的结果。

要解决这些问题，请尝试使用-verbose作为参数启动VM，然后查看异常发生时正在加载的类。你应该会看到一些令人惊讶的信息。例如，拥有相同依赖项的多个副本，以及您从未预料到的版本，或者如果您知道它们被包括在内，您就不会接受这些版本。

用Maven解决重复的jar最好是结合Maven下的Maven - Dependency - Plugin和Maven -enforcer- Plugin(或SBT的Dependency Graph Plugin)，然后将这些jar添加到顶级POM的一部分或作为SBT中的导入依赖元素(以删除这些依赖)。

好运！

如果这是此错误可能发生的记录，则:

我刚刚在WAS(8.5.0.1)上得到了这个错误，在CXF(2.6.0)加载spring (3.1.1_release)配置期间，BeanInstantiationException卷起一个CXF ExtensionException，卷起一个IncompatibleClassChangeError。下面的代码片段显示了堆栈跟踪的要点:

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Could not instantiate bean class [org.apache.cxf.bus.spring.SpringBus]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is org.apache.cxf.bus.extension.ExtensionException
            at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:162)
            at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:76)
            at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:990)
            ... 116 more
Caused by: org.apache.cxf.bus.extension.ExtensionException
            at org.apache.cxf.bus.extension.Extension.tryClass(Extension.java:167)
            at org.apache.cxf.bus.extension.Extension.getClassObject(Extension.java:179)
            at org.apache.cxf.bus.extension.ExtensionManagerImpl.activateAllByType(ExtensionManagerImpl.java:138)
            at org.apache.cxf.bus.extension.ExtensionManagerBus.<init>(ExtensionManagerBus.java:131)
            [etc...]
            at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:147)
            ... 118 more

Caused by: java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: 
org.apache.neethi.AssertionBuilderFactory
            at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClassImpl(Native Method)
            at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:284)
            [etc...]
            at com.ibm.ws.classloader.CompoundClassLoader.loadClass(CompoundClassLoader.java:586)
            at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:658)
            at org.apache.cxf.bus.extension.Extension.tryClass(Extension.java:163)
            ... 128 more

在这种情况下，解决方案是改变war文件中模块的类路径顺序。也就是说，在WAS控制台中打开战争应用程序，并选择客户端模块。在模块配置中，将类加载设置为“parent last”。

在WAS控制台中可以找到:

应用程序->应用程序类型-> WebSphere企业应用程序 单击代表应用程序的链接(war) 点击“模块”区域下的“模块管理” 单击底层模块的链接 将“类装入器顺序”更改为“(父类最后)”。

I have a web application that deploys perfectly fine on my local machine's tomcat(8.0.20). However, when I put it into the qa environment (tomcat - 8.0.20), it kept on giving me the IncompatibleClassChangeError and it was complaining that I was extending on an interface. This interface was changed to an abstract class. And I compiled the parent and child classes and still I kept on getting the same issue. Finally, I wanted to debug, so, I changed the version on the parent to x.0.1-SNAPSHOT and then compiled everything and now it is working. If someone is still hitting the problem after following the answers given here, please make sure the versions in your pom.xml are also correct. Change the versions to see if that works. If so, then fix the version problem.

我在与玻璃鱼的战争中反复部署时遇到过这个问题。我的班级结构是这样的，

public interface A{
}

public class AImpl implements A{
}

它被改成了

public abstract class A{
}

public class AImpl extends A{
}

在停止并重新启动域之后，结果很好。 我用的是glassfish 3.1.43