I have also discovered that, when using JNI, invoking a Java method from C++, if you pass parameters to the invoked Java method in the wrong order, you will get this error when you attempt to use the parameters inside the called method (because they won't be the right type). I was initially taken aback that JNI does not do this checking for you as part of the class signature checking when you invoke the method, but I assume they don't do this kind of checking because you may be passing polymorphic parameters and they have to assume you know what you are doing.

示例c++ JNI代码:

void invokeFooDoSomething() {
    jobject javaFred = FredFactory::getFred(); // Get a Fred jobject
    jobject javaFoo = FooFactory::getFoo(); // Get a Foo jobject
    jobject javaBar = FooFactory::getBar(); // Get a Bar jobject
    jmethodID methodID = getDoSomethingMethodId() // Get the JNI Method ID


    jniEnv->CallVoidMethod(javaFoo,
                           methodID,
                           javaFred, // Woops!  I switched the Fred and Bar parameters!
                           javaBar);

    // << Insert error handling code here to discover the JNI Exception >>
    //  ... This is where the IncompatibleClassChangeError will show up.
}

Java代码示例:

class Bar { ... }

class Fred {
    public int size() { ... }
} 

class Foo {
    public void doSomething(Fred aFred, Bar anotherObject) {
        if (name.size() > 0) { // Will throw a cryptic java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError
            // Do some stuff...
        }
    }
}

这个问题的另一个原因是，如果你为Android Studio启用了即时运行。

修复

如果发现开始出现此错误，请关闭“立即运行”。

Android Studio主要设置 构建、执行、部署 即时运行 取消勾选“启用即时运行…”

Why

即时运行在开发过程中修改了大量的东西，以使它更快地提供更新到您的运行应用程序。因此，即时运行。当它起作用时，它真的很有用。然而，当出现这样的问题时，最好的办法是关闭即时运行，直到Android Studio发布下一个版本。

我遇到了同样的问题，后来我发现我是在Java版本1.4上运行应用程序，而应用程序是在版本6上编译的。

实际上，这是因为有一个重复的库，一个位于类路径中，另一个包含在位于类路径中的jar文件中。

另一种可能出现此错误的情况是Emma Code Coverage。

这发生在将Object分配给接口时。我猜这与对象被检测和不再二进制兼容有关。

http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3178921&group_id=177969&atid=883351

幸运的是，这个问题在Cobertura中没有发生，所以我在pom.xml的报告插件中添加了Cobertura -maven-plugin

这意味着您已经对库进行了一些不兼容的二进制更改，而无需重新编译客户端代码。Java语言规范§13详细描述了所有这些更改，最突出的是将非静态的非私有字段/方法更改为静态或反之亦然。

根据新的库重新编译客户端代码，应该就可以开始了。

更新:如果你发布了一个公共库，你应该尽可能避免做出不兼容的二进制更改，以保持所谓的“二进制向后兼容性”。单独更新依赖jar在理想情况下不会破坏应用程序或构建。如果你不得不打破二进制向后兼容性，建议增加主版本号(例如从1.x。Y到2.0.0)，然后发布更改。

I have a web application that deploys perfectly fine on my local machine's tomcat(8.0.20). However, when I put it into the qa environment (tomcat - 8.0.20), it kept on giving me the IncompatibleClassChangeError and it was complaining that I was extending on an interface. This interface was changed to an abstract class. And I compiled the parent and child classes and still I kept on getting the same issue. Finally, I wanted to debug, so, I changed the version on the parent to x.0.1-SNAPSHOT and then compiled everything and now it is working. If someone is still hitting the problem after following the answers given here, please make sure the versions in your pom.xml are also correct. Change the versions to see if that works. If so, then fix the version problem.