我有一些Python代码,它运行一个字符串列表,并将它们转换为整数或浮点数(如果可能的话)。对整数执行此操作非常简单
if element.isdigit():
newelement = int(element)
浮点数比较难。现在我正在使用partition('.')来分割字符串,并检查以确保一侧或两侧都是数字。
partition = element.partition('.')
if (partition[0].isdigit() and partition[1] == '.' and partition[2].isdigit())
or (partition[0] == '' and partition[1] == '.' and partition[2].isdigit())
or (partition[0].isdigit() and partition[1] == '.' and partition[2] == ''):
newelement = float(element)
这是可行的,但显然if语句有点麻烦。我考虑的另一个解决方案是将转换封装在一个try/catch块中,看看它是否成功,如这个问题所述。
有人有其他想法吗?对分区和尝试/捕获方法的相对优点有什么看法?
如果您关心性能(我并不建议您应该这样做),基于try的方法显然是赢家(与基于分区的方法或regexp方法相比),只要您不期望出现大量无效字符串,在这种情况下,它可能会更慢(大概是由于异常处理的成本)。
再说一次,我不是建议你关心性能,只是给你数据以防你每秒做100亿次。而且,基于分区的代码不处理至少一个有效字符串。
$ ./floatstr.py
F..
partition sad: 3.1102449894
partition happy: 2.09208488464
..
re sad: 7.76906108856
re happy: 7.09421992302
..
try sad: 12.1525540352
try happy: 1.44165301323
.
======================================================================
FAIL: test_partition (__main__.ConvertTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./floatstr.py", line 48, in test_partition
self.failUnless(is_float_partition("20e2"))
AssertionError
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 8 tests in 33.670s
FAILED (failures=1)
下面是代码(Python 2.6, regexp摘自John Gietzen的答案):
def is_float_try(str):
try:
float(str)
return True
except ValueError:
return False
import re
_float_regexp = re.compile(r"^[-+]?(?:\b[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]*)?|\.[0-9]+\b)(?:[eE][-+]?[0-9]+\b)?$")
def is_float_re(str):
return re.match(_float_regexp, str)
def is_float_partition(element):
partition=element.partition('.')
if (partition[0].isdigit() and partition[1]=='.' and partition[2].isdigit()) or (partition[0]=='' and partition[1]=='.' and pa\
rtition[2].isdigit()) or (partition[0].isdigit() and partition[1]=='.' and partition[2]==''):
return True
if __name__ == '__main__':
import unittest
import timeit
class ConvertTests(unittest.TestCase):
def test_re(self):
self.failUnless(is_float_re("20e2"))
def test_try(self):
self.failUnless(is_float_try("20e2"))
def test_re_perf(self):
print
print 're sad:', timeit.Timer('floatstr.is_float_re("12.2x")', "import floatstr").timeit()
print 're happy:', timeit.Timer('floatstr.is_float_re("12.2")', "import floatstr").timeit()
def test_try_perf(self):
print
print 'try sad:', timeit.Timer('floatstr.is_float_try("12.2x")', "import floatstr").timeit()
print 'try happy:', timeit.Timer('floatstr.is_float_try("12.2")', "import floatstr").timeit()
def test_partition_perf(self):
print
print 'partition sad:', timeit.Timer('floatstr.is_float_partition("12.2x")', "import floatstr").timeit()
print 'partition happy:', timeit.Timer('floatstr.is_float_partition("12.2")', "import floatstr").timeit()
def test_partition(self):
self.failUnless(is_float_partition("20e2"))
def test_partition2(self):
self.failUnless(is_float_partition(".2"))
def test_partition3(self):
self.failIf(is_float_partition("1234x.2"))
unittest.main()
我正在寻找一些类似的代码,但看起来使用try/excepts是最好的方法。
这是我正在使用的代码。它包括一个在输入无效时的重试函数。我需要检查输入是否大于0,如果是,则将其转换为浮点数。
def cleanInput(question,retry=False):
inputValue = input("\n\nOnly positive numbers can be entered, please re-enter the value.\n\n{}".format(question)) if retry else input(question)
try:
if float(inputValue) <= 0 : raise ValueError()
else : return(float(inputValue))
except ValueError : return(cleanInput(question,retry=True))
willbefloat = cleanInput("Give me the number: ")
这是一个简单而有趣的问题。下面给出的解决方案对我来说很好:
import re
val = "25,000.93$"
regex = r"\D"
splitted = re.split(regex, val)
splitted = list(filter(str.isdecimal, splitted))
if splitted:
if len(splitted) > 1:
splitted.insert(-1, ".")
try:
f = float("".join(splitted))
print(f, "is float.")
except ValueError:
print("Not a float.")
else:
print("Not a float.")
重要提示:此解决方案基于分割的最后一个值包含小数位的假设。
如果您关心性能(我并不建议您应该这样做),基于try的方法显然是赢家(与基于分区的方法或regexp方法相比),只要您不期望出现大量无效字符串,在这种情况下,它可能会更慢(大概是由于异常处理的成本)。
再说一次,我不是建议你关心性能,只是给你数据以防你每秒做100亿次。而且,基于分区的代码不处理至少一个有效字符串。
$ ./floatstr.py
F..
partition sad: 3.1102449894
partition happy: 2.09208488464
..
re sad: 7.76906108856
re happy: 7.09421992302
..
try sad: 12.1525540352
try happy: 1.44165301323
.
======================================================================
FAIL: test_partition (__main__.ConvertTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./floatstr.py", line 48, in test_partition
self.failUnless(is_float_partition("20e2"))
AssertionError
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 8 tests in 33.670s
FAILED (failures=1)
下面是代码(Python 2.6, regexp摘自John Gietzen的答案):
def is_float_try(str):
try:
float(str)
return True
except ValueError:
return False
import re
_float_regexp = re.compile(r"^[-+]?(?:\b[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]*)?|\.[0-9]+\b)(?:[eE][-+]?[0-9]+\b)?$")
def is_float_re(str):
return re.match(_float_regexp, str)
def is_float_partition(element):
partition=element.partition('.')
if (partition[0].isdigit() and partition[1]=='.' and partition[2].isdigit()) or (partition[0]=='' and partition[1]=='.' and pa\
rtition[2].isdigit()) or (partition[0].isdigit() and partition[1]=='.' and partition[2]==''):
return True
if __name__ == '__main__':
import unittest
import timeit
class ConvertTests(unittest.TestCase):
def test_re(self):
self.failUnless(is_float_re("20e2"))
def test_try(self):
self.failUnless(is_float_try("20e2"))
def test_re_perf(self):
print
print 're sad:', timeit.Timer('floatstr.is_float_re("12.2x")', "import floatstr").timeit()
print 're happy:', timeit.Timer('floatstr.is_float_re("12.2")', "import floatstr").timeit()
def test_try_perf(self):
print
print 'try sad:', timeit.Timer('floatstr.is_float_try("12.2x")', "import floatstr").timeit()
print 'try happy:', timeit.Timer('floatstr.is_float_try("12.2")', "import floatstr").timeit()
def test_partition_perf(self):
print
print 'partition sad:', timeit.Timer('floatstr.is_float_partition("12.2x")', "import floatstr").timeit()
print 'partition happy:', timeit.Timer('floatstr.is_float_partition("12.2")', "import floatstr").timeit()
def test_partition(self):
self.failUnless(is_float_partition("20e2"))
def test_partition2(self):
self.failUnless(is_float_partition(".2"))
def test_partition3(self):
self.failIf(is_float_partition("1234x.2"))
unittest.main()