我有两个HashMap对象,定义如下:
HashMap<String, Integer> map1 = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
HashMap<String, Integer> map2 = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
我还有第三个HashMap对象:
HashMap<String, Integer> map3;
如何将map1和map2合并为map3?
我有两个HashMap对象,定义如下:
HashMap<String, Integer> map1 = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
HashMap<String, Integer> map2 = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
我还有第三个HashMap对象:
HashMap<String, Integer> map3;
如何将map1和map2合并为map3?
当前回答
假设输入如下:
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.Map;
...
var m1 = Map.of("k1", 1, "k2", 2);
var m2 = Map.of("k3", 3, "k4", 4);
当你确定两个输入映射之间没有任何键冲突时,一个避免任何突变并产生不可变结果的简单表达式可以是:
var merged = Stream.concat(
m1.entrySet().stream(),
m2.entrySet().stream()
).collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableMap(Map.Entry::getKey, Map.Entry::getValue));
在可能发生键冲突的情况下,我们可以提供一个lambda来指定如何去重复它们。例如,如果我们想保留最大的值,以防两个输入中都有一个条目,我们可以:
.collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableMap(
Map.Entry::getKey,
Map.Entry::getValue,
Math::max)) // any function (Integer, Integer) -> Integer is ok here
其他回答
组合两个可能共享公共键的映射的通用解决方案:
就地:
public static <K, V> void mergeInPlace(Map<K, V> map1, Map<K, V> map2,
BinaryOperator<V> combiner) {
map2.forEach((k, v) -> map1.merge(k, v, combiner::apply));
}
返回一个新地图:
public static <K, V> Map<K, V> merge(Map<K, V> map1, Map<K, V> map2,
BinaryOperator<V> combiner) {
Map<K, V> map3 = new HashMap<>(map1);
map2.forEach((k, v) -> map3.merge(k, v, combiner::apply));
return map3;
}
方法1:将映射放在List中,然后连接
public class Test15 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String, List<String>> map1 = new HashMap<>();
map1.put("London", Arrays.asList("A", "B", "C"));
map1.put("Wales", Arrays.asList("P1", "P2", "P3"));
Map<String, List<String>> map2 = new HashMap<>();
map2.put("Calcutta", Arrays.asList("Protijayi", "Gina", "Gini"));
map2.put("London", Arrays.asList( "P4", "P5", "P6"));
map2.put("Wales", Arrays.asList( "P111", "P5555", "P677666"));
System.out.println(map1);System.out.println(map2);
// put the maps in an ArrayList
List<Map<String, List<String>>> maplist = new ArrayList<Map<String,List<String>>>();
maplist.add(map1);
maplist.add(map2);
/*
<T,K,U> Collector<T,?,Map<K,U>> toMap(
Function<? super T,? extends K> keyMapper,
Function<? super T,? extends U> valueMapper,
BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction)
*/
Map<String, List<String>> collect = maplist.stream()
.flatMap(ch -> ch.entrySet().stream())
.collect(
Collectors.toMap(
//keyMapper,
Entry::getKey,
//valueMapper
Entry::getValue,
// mergeFunction
(list_a,list_b) -> Stream.concat(list_a.stream(), list_b.stream()).collect(Collectors.toList())
));
System.out.println("Final Result(Map after join) => " + collect);
/*
{Wales=[P1, P2, P3], London=[A, B, C]}
{Calcutta=[Protijayi, Gina, Gini], Wales=[P111, P5555, P677666], London=[P4, P5, P6]}
Final Result(Map after join) => {Calcutta=[Protijayi, Gina, Gini], Wales=[P1, P2, P3, P111, P5555, P677666], London=[A, B, C, P4, P5, P6]}
*/
}//main
}
方法二:法线映射合并
public class Test15 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String, List<String>> map1 = new HashMap<>();
map1.put("London", Arrays.asList("A", "B", "C"));
map1.put("Wales", Arrays.asList("P1", "P2", "P3"));
Map<String, List<String>> map2 = new HashMap<>();
map2.put("Calcutta", Arrays.asList("Protijayi", "Gina", "Gini"));
map2.put("London", Arrays.asList( "P4", "P5", "P6"));
map2.put("Wales", Arrays.asList( "P111", "P5555", "P677666"));
System.out.println(map1);System.out.println(map2);
/*
<T,K,U> Collector<T,?,Map<K,U>> toMap(
Function<? super T,? extends K> keyMapper,
Function<? super T,? extends U> valueMapper,
BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction)
*/
Map<String, List<String>> collect = Stream.of(map1,map2)
.flatMap(ch -> ch.entrySet().stream())
.collect(
Collectors.toMap(
//keyMapper,
Entry::getKey,
//valueMapper
Entry::getValue,
// mergeFunction
(list_a,list_b) -> Stream.concat(list_a.stream(), list_b.stream()).collect(Collectors.toList())
));
System.out.println("Final Result(Map after join) => " + collect);
/*
{Wales=[P1, P2, P3], London=[A, B, C]}
{Calcutta=[Protijayi, Gina, Gini], Wales=[P111, P5555, P677666], London=[P4, P5, P6]}
Final Result(Map after join) => {Calcutta=[Protijayi, Gina, Gini], Wales=[P1, P2, P3, P111, P5555, P677666], London=[A, B, C, P4, P5, P6]}
*/
}//main
}
在Python中,HashMap被称为字典,我们可以很容易地合并它们。
x = {'Roopa': 1, 'Tabu': 2}
y = {'Roopi': 3, 'Soudipta': 4}
z = {**x,**y}
print(z)
{'Roopa': 1, 'Tabu': 2, 'Roopi': 3, 'Soudipta': 4}
使用Java 8 Stream API的一行程序:
map3 = Stream.of(map1, map2).flatMap(m -> m.entrySet().stream())
.collect(Collectors.toMap(Entry::getKey, Entry::getValue))
该方法的好处之一是能够传递一个merge函数,该函数将处理具有相同键的值,例如:
map3 = Stream.of(map1, map2).flatMap(m -> m.entrySet().stream())
.collect(Collectors.toMap(Entry::getKey, Entry::getValue, Math::max))
如果知道没有重复的键,或者希望map2中的值覆盖map1中的值以获得重复的键,那么可以只写
map3 = new HashMap<>(map1);
map3.putAll(map2);
如果需要更多地控制值的组合方式,可以使用Map。merge,在Java 8中添加,它使用用户提供的biffunction来合并重复键的值。merge操作单独的键和值,因此需要使用循环或Map.forEach。这里我们连接重复键的字符串:
map3 = new HashMap<>(map1);
for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : map2.entrySet())
map3.merge(e.getKey(), e.getValue(), String::concat);
//or instead of the above loop
map2.forEach((k, v) -> map3.merge(k, v, String::concat));
如果你知道你没有重复的键,并且想要强制它,你可以使用merge函数抛出AssertionError:
map2.forEach((k, v) ->
map3.merge(k, v, (v1, v2) ->
{throw new AssertionError("duplicate values for key: "+k);}));
从这个特定的问题后退一步,Java 8流库提供了toMap和groupingBy collector。如果在循环中重复合并映射,则可以重新构造计算以使用流,这既可以澄清代码,又可以使用并行流和并发收集器轻松实现并行。
map3 = new HashMap<>();
map3.putAll(map1);
map3.putAll(map2);