我想测量执行一个函数所花费的时间。我没时间工作:

import timeit
start = timeit.timeit()
print("hello")
end = timeit.timeit()
print(end - start)

当前回答

在python3上:

from time import sleep, perf_counter as pc
t0 = pc()
sleep(1)
print(pc()-t0)

优雅而短小。

其他回答

这是另一种方法:

>> from pytictoc import TicToc
>> t = TicToc() # create TicToc instance
>> t.tic() # Start timer
>> # do something
>> t.toc() # Print elapsed time
Elapsed time is 2.612231 seconds.

与传统方式相比:

>> from time import time
>> t1 = time()
>> # do something
>> t2 = time()
>> elapsed = t2 - t1
>> print('Elapsed time is %f seconds.' % elapsed)
Elapsed time is 2.612231 seconds.

安装:

pip install pytictoc

有关详细信息,请参阅PyPi页面。

使用一个上下文管理器可以很有趣地做到这一点,它可以自动记住进入with块时的开始时间,然后在块退出时冻结结束时间。通过一些小技巧,您甚至可以从同一个上下文管理器函数获得块内的运行时间计数。

核心库没有这个(但可能应该有)。一旦就位,您可以执行以下操作:

with elapsed_timer() as elapsed:
    # some lengthy code
    print( "midpoint at %.2f seconds" % elapsed() )  # time so far
    # other lengthy code

print( "all done at %.2f seconds" % elapsed() )

以下是足以完成此任务的contextmanager代码:

from contextlib import contextmanager
from timeit import default_timer

@contextmanager
def elapsed_timer():
    start = default_timer()
    elapser = lambda: default_timer() - start
    yield lambda: elapser()
    end = default_timer()
    elapser = lambda: end-start

以及一些可运行的演示代码:

import time

with elapsed_timer() as elapsed:
    time.sleep(1)
    print(elapsed())
    time.sleep(2)
    print(elapsed())
    time.sleep(3)

注意,通过设计此函数,elapsed()的返回值在块退出时被冻结,并且进一步的调用返回相同的持续时间(在这个玩具示例中大约为6秒)。

基于https://stackoverflow.com/a/30024601/5095636,以下为无lambda版本,如flake8根据E731对lambda使用的警告:

from contextlib import contextmanager
from timeit import default_timer

@contextmanager
def elapsed_timer():
    start_time = default_timer()

    class _Timer():
      start = start_time
      end = default_timer()
      duration = end - start

    yield _Timer

    end_time = default_timer()
    _Timer.end = end_time
    _Timer.duration = end_time - start_time

测试:

from time import sleep

with elapsed_timer() as t:
    print("start:", t.start)
    sleep(1)
    print("end:", t.end)

t.start
t.end
t.duration

这种独特的基于类的方法提供了可打印的字符串表示、可自定义的舍入,以及以字符串或浮点形式方便地访问经过的时间。它是用Python 3.7开发的。

import datetime
import timeit


class Timer:
    """Measure time used."""
    # Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/a/57931660/

    def __init__(self, round_ndigits: int = 0):
        self._round_ndigits = round_ndigits
        self._start_time = timeit.default_timer()

    def __call__(self) -> float:
        return timeit.default_timer() - self._start_time

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=round(self(), self._round_ndigits)))

用法:

# Setup timer
>>> timer = Timer()

# Access as a string
>>> print(f'Time elapsed is {timer}.')
Time elapsed is 0:00:03.
>>> print(f'Time elapsed is {timer}.')
Time elapsed is 0:00:04.

# Access as a float
>>> timer()
6.841332235
>>> timer()
7.970274425

作为lambda,获取经过的时间和时间戳:

import datetime
t_set = lambda: datetime.datetime.now().astimezone().replace(microsecond=0)
t_diff = lambda t: str(t_set() - t)
t_stamp = lambda t=None: str(t) if t else str(t_set())

在实践中:

>>> 
>>> t_set()
datetime.datetime(2021, 3, 21, 1, 25, 17, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(days=-1, seconds=61200), 'PDT'))
>>> t = t_set()
>>> t_diff(t)
'0:00:14'
>>> t_diff(t)
'0:00:23'
>>> t_stamp()
'2021-03-21 01:25:57-07:00'
>>> t_stamp(t)
'2021-03-21 01:25:22-07:00'
>>>