在python3上：

from time import sleep, perf_counter as pc
t0 = pc()
sleep(1)
print(pc()-t0)

优雅而短小。

下面是一个返回“hh:mm:ss”字符串的小型计时器类：

class Timer:
  def __init__(self):
    self.start = time.time()

  def restart(self):
    self.start = time.time()

  def get_time_hhmmss(self):
    end = time.time()
    m, s = divmod(end - self.start, 60)
    h, m = divmod(m, 60)
    time_str = "%02d:%02d:%02d" % (h, m, s)
    return time_str

用法：

# Start timer
my_timer = Timer()

# ... do something

# Get time string:
time_hhmmss = my_timer.get_time_hhmmss()
print("Time elapsed: %s" % time_hhmmss )

# ... use the timer again
my_timer.restart()

# ... do something

# Get time:
time_hhmmss = my_timer.get_time_hhmmss()

# ... etc

如果您想方便地对函数计时，可以使用一个简单的修饰符：

import time

def timing_decorator(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        start = time.perf_counter()
        original_return_val = func(*args, **kwargs)
        end = time.perf_counter()
        print("time elapsed in ", func.__name__, ": ", end - start, sep='')
        return original_return_val

    return wrapper

您可以在您希望计时的函数上使用它，如下所示：

@timing_decorator
def function_to_time():
    time.sleep(1)

function_to_time()

无论何时调用function_to_time，它都会打印所用的时间和正在计时的函数的名称。

这是另一种方法：

>> from pytictoc import TicToc
>> t = TicToc() # create TicToc instance
>> t.tic() # Start timer
>> # do something
>> t.toc() # Print elapsed time
Elapsed time is 2.612231 seconds.

与传统方式相比：

>> from time import time
>> t1 = time()
>> # do something
>> t2 = time()
>> elapsed = t2 - t1
>> print('Elapsed time is %f seconds.' % elapsed)
Elapsed time is 2.612231 seconds.

安装：

pip install pytictoc

有关详细信息，请参阅PyPi页面。

要深入了解递归调用的每个函数，请执行以下操作：

%load_ext snakeviz
%%snakeviz

它只需要在Jupyter笔记本中使用这两行代码，就可以生成一个很好的交互图。例如：

这是代码。同样，以%开头的2行是使用snakeviz所需的唯一额外代码行：

# !pip install snakeviz
%load_ext snakeviz
import glob
import hashlib

%%snakeviz

files = glob.glob('*.txt')
def print_files_hashed(files):
    for file in files:
        with open(file) as f:
            print(hashlib.md5(f.read().encode('utf-8')).hexdigest())
print_files_hashed(files)

在笔记本外运行snakeviz似乎也是可能的。更多信息请访问snakeviz网站。

这里有一个很好的文档记录和完全类型提示的装饰器，我将其用作通用工具：

from functools import wraps
from time import perf_counter
from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, TypeVar, cast

F = TypeVar("F", bound=Callable[..., Any])


def timer(prefix: Optional[str] = None, precision: int = 6) -> Callable[[F], F]:
    """Use as a decorator to time the execution of any function.

    Args:
        prefix: String to print before the time taken.
            Default is the name of the function.
        precision: How many decimals to include in the seconds value.

    Examples:
        >>> @timer()
        ... def foo(x):
        ...     return x
        >>> foo(123)
        foo: 0.000...s
        123
        >>> @timer("Time taken: ", 2)
        ... def foo(x):
        ...     return x
        >>> foo(123)
        Time taken: 0.00s
        123

    """
    def decorator(func: F) -> F:
        @wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
            nonlocal prefix
            prefix = prefix if prefix is not None else f"{func.__name__}: "
            start = perf_counter()
            result = func(*args, **kwargs)
            end = perf_counter()
            print(f"{prefix}{end - start:.{precision}f}s")
            return result
        return cast(F, wrapper)
    return decorator

示例用法：

from timer import timer


@timer(precision=9)
def takes_long(x: int) -> bool:
    return x in (i for i in range(x + 1))


result = takes_long(10**8)
print(result)

输出：耗时：4.942629056秒真的

可以通过以下方式检查doctest：

$ python3 -m doctest --verbose -o=ELLIPSIS timer.py

类型提示：

$ mypy timer.py