使用Ruby，我如何在终端中为输出执行背景和前景文本着色?
我记得，在编程Pascal时，我们都习惯编写自己的textcolor(…)程序，以使我们的小教育程序看起来更漂亮、更有表现力。
我该如何在Ruby中编写类似的代码呢?核心库中是否有任何内置的支持来实现这一点?如果不是，什么是添加它的惯用方式?
当前回答
我发明了这个方法。这不是什么大事，但很有效:
def colorize(text, color = "default", bgColor = "default")
colors = {"default" => "38","black" => "30","red" => "31","green" => "32","brown" => "33", "blue" => "34", "purple" => "35",
"cyan" => "36", "gray" => "37", "dark gray" => "1;30", "light red" => "1;31", "light green" => "1;32", "yellow" => "1;33",
"light blue" => "1;34", "light purple" => "1;35", "light cyan" => "1;36", "white" => "1;37"}
bgColors = {"default" => "0", "black" => "40", "red" => "41", "green" => "42", "brown" => "43", "blue" => "44",
"purple" => "45", "cyan" => "46", "gray" => "47", "dark gray" => "100", "light red" => "101", "light green" => "102",
"yellow" => "103", "light blue" => "104", "light purple" => "105", "light cyan" => "106", "white" => "107"}
color_code = colors[color]
bgColor_code = bgColors[bgColor]
return "\033[#{bgColor_code};#{color_code}m#{text}\033[0m"
end
下面是如何使用它:
puts "#{colorize("Hello World")}"
puts "#{colorize("Hello World", "yellow")}"
puts "#{colorize("Hello World", "white","light red")}"
可能的改进包括:
colors和bgColors在每次调用该方法时都被定义，并且它们不会改变。 添加其他选项，如粗体，下划线，暗等。
这个方法对p无效，因为p会检查它的参数。例如:
p "#{colorize("Hello World")}"
将显示“\e[0;38mHello World\e[0m”
我用看跌、打印和Logger gem对它进行了测试，它工作得很好。
我对此进行了改进，并创建了一个类，因此colors和bgColors是类常量，colorize是类方法:
编辑:更好的代码风格，定义常量而不是类变量，使用符号而不是字符串，增加了更多的选项，如粗体，斜体等。
class Colorizator
COLOURS = { default: '38', black: '30', red: '31', green: '32', brown: '33', blue: '34', purple: '35',
cyan: '36', gray: '37', dark_gray: '1;30', light_red: '1;31', light_green: '1;32', yellow: '1;33',
light_blue: '1;34', light_purple: '1;35', light_cyan: '1;36', white: '1;37' }.freeze
BG_COLOURS = { default: '0', black: '40', red: '41', green: '42', brown: '43', blue: '44',
purple: '45', cyan: '46', gray: '47', dark_gray: '100', light_red: '101', light_green: '102',
yellow: '103', light_blue: '104', light_purple: '105', light_cyan: '106', white: '107' }.freeze
FONT_OPTIONS = { bold: '1', dim: '2', italic: '3', underline: '4', reverse: '7', hidden: '8' }.freeze
def self.colorize(text, colour = :default, bg_colour = :default, **options)
colour_code = COLOURS[colour]
bg_colour_code = BG_COLOURS[bg_colour]
font_options = options.select { |k, v| v && FONT_OPTIONS.key?(k) }.keys
font_options = font_options.map { |e| FONT_OPTIONS[e] }.join(';').squeeze
return "\e[#{bg_colour_code};#{font_options};#{colour_code}m#{text}\e[0m".squeeze(';')
end
end
你可以这样使用它:
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :gray, :white
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :light_blue, bold: true
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :light_blue, :white, bold: true, underline: true
其他回答
我发现前面的答案很有用。但是，如果我想在不使用任何第三方库的情况下对日志输出等内容进行着色，那么它们就不适合。下面的方法帮我解决了这个问题:
red = 31
green = 32
blue = 34
def color (color=blue)
printf "\033[#{color}m";
yield
printf "\033[0m"
end
color { puts "this is blue" }
color(red) { logger.info "and this is red" }
您可以在控制台中使用ANSI转义序列来完成此操作。我知道这适用于Linux和Mac OS X，但我不确定Windows控制台(cmd)是否支持ANSI。
我是用Java写的，但思想是一样的。
// Foreground color
public static final String BLACK_TEXT() { return "\033[30m";}
public static final String RED_TEXT() { return "\033[31m";}
public static final String GREEN_TEXT() { return "\033[32m";}
public static final String BROWN_TEXT() { return "\033[33m";}
public static final String BLUE_TEXT() { return "\033[34m";}
public static final String MAGENTA_TEXT() { return "\033[35m";}
public static final String CYAN_TEXT() { return "\033[36m";}
public static final String GRAY_TEXT() { return "\033[37m";}
// Background color
public static final String BLACK_BACK() { return "\033[40m";}
public static final String RED_BACK() { return "\033[41m";}
public static final String GREEN_BACK() { return "\033[42m";}
public static final String BROWN_BACK() { return "\033[43m";}
public static final String BLUE_BACK() { return "\033[44m";}
public static final String MAGENTA_BACK() { return "\033[45m";}
public static final String CYAN_BACK() { return "\033[46m";}
public static final String WHITE_BACK() { return "\033[47m";}
// ANSI control characters
public static final String RESET_COLORS() { return "\033[0m";}
public static final String BOLD_ON() { return "\033[1m";}
public static final String BLINK_ON() { return "\033[5m";}
public static final String REVERSE_ON() { return "\033[7m";}
public static final String BOLD_OFF() { return "\033[22m";}
public static final String BLINK_OFF() { return "\033[25m";}
public static final String REVERSE_OFF() { return "\033[27m";}
着色是我最喜欢的宝石!: -)
看看吧:
https://github.com/fazibear/colorize
安装:
gem install colorize
用法:
require 'colorize'
puts "I am now red".red
puts "I am now blue".blue
puts "Testing".yellow
我发明了这个方法。这不是什么大事，但很有效:
def colorize(text, color = "default", bgColor = "default")
colors = {"default" => "38","black" => "30","red" => "31","green" => "32","brown" => "33", "blue" => "34", "purple" => "35",
"cyan" => "36", "gray" => "37", "dark gray" => "1;30", "light red" => "1;31", "light green" => "1;32", "yellow" => "1;33",
"light blue" => "1;34", "light purple" => "1;35", "light cyan" => "1;36", "white" => "1;37"}
bgColors = {"default" => "0", "black" => "40", "red" => "41", "green" => "42", "brown" => "43", "blue" => "44",
"purple" => "45", "cyan" => "46", "gray" => "47", "dark gray" => "100", "light red" => "101", "light green" => "102",
"yellow" => "103", "light blue" => "104", "light purple" => "105", "light cyan" => "106", "white" => "107"}
color_code = colors[color]
bgColor_code = bgColors[bgColor]
return "\033[#{bgColor_code};#{color_code}m#{text}\033[0m"
end
下面是如何使用它:
puts "#{colorize("Hello World")}"
puts "#{colorize("Hello World", "yellow")}"
puts "#{colorize("Hello World", "white","light red")}"
可能的改进包括:
colors和bgColors在每次调用该方法时都被定义，并且它们不会改变。 添加其他选项，如粗体，下划线，暗等。
这个方法对p无效，因为p会检查它的参数。例如:
p "#{colorize("Hello World")}"
将显示“\e[0;38mHello World\e[0m”
我用看跌、打印和Logger gem对它进行了测试，它工作得很好。
我对此进行了改进，并创建了一个类，因此colors和bgColors是类常量，colorize是类方法:
编辑:更好的代码风格，定义常量而不是类变量，使用符号而不是字符串，增加了更多的选项，如粗体，斜体等。
class Colorizator
COLOURS = { default: '38', black: '30', red: '31', green: '32', brown: '33', blue: '34', purple: '35',
cyan: '36', gray: '37', dark_gray: '1;30', light_red: '1;31', light_green: '1;32', yellow: '1;33',
light_blue: '1;34', light_purple: '1;35', light_cyan: '1;36', white: '1;37' }.freeze
BG_COLOURS = { default: '0', black: '40', red: '41', green: '42', brown: '43', blue: '44',
purple: '45', cyan: '46', gray: '47', dark_gray: '100', light_red: '101', light_green: '102',
yellow: '103', light_blue: '104', light_purple: '105', light_cyan: '106', white: '107' }.freeze
FONT_OPTIONS = { bold: '1', dim: '2', italic: '3', underline: '4', reverse: '7', hidden: '8' }.freeze
def self.colorize(text, colour = :default, bg_colour = :default, **options)
colour_code = COLOURS[colour]
bg_colour_code = BG_COLOURS[bg_colour]
font_options = options.select { |k, v| v && FONT_OPTIONS.key?(k) }.keys
font_options = font_options.map { |e| FONT_OPTIONS[e] }.join(';').squeeze
return "\e[#{bg_colour_code};#{font_options};#{colour_code}m#{text}\e[0m".squeeze(';')
end
end
你可以这样使用它:
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :gray, :white
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :light_blue, bold: true
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :light_blue, :white, bold: true, underline: true
作为String类方法(仅限Unix):
class String
def black; "\e[30m#{self}\e[0m" end
def red; "\e[31m#{self}\e[0m" end
def green; "\e[32m#{self}\e[0m" end
def brown; "\e[33m#{self}\e[0m" end
def blue; "\e[34m#{self}\e[0m" end
def magenta; "\e[35m#{self}\e[0m" end
def cyan; "\e[36m#{self}\e[0m" end
def gray; "\e[37m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_black; "\e[40m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_red; "\e[41m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_green; "\e[42m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_brown; "\e[43m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_blue; "\e[44m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_magenta; "\e[45m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_cyan; "\e[46m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_gray; "\e[47m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bold; "\e[1m#{self}\e[22m" end
def italic; "\e[3m#{self}\e[23m" end
def underline; "\e[4m#{self}\e[24m" end
def blink; "\e[5m#{self}\e[25m" end
def reverse_color; "\e[7m#{self}\e[27m" end
end
和用法:
puts "I'm back green".bg_green
puts "I'm red and back cyan".red.bg_cyan
puts "I'm bold and green and backround red".bold.green.bg_red
在我的控制台:
此外,
def no_colors
self.gsub /\e\[\d+m/, ""
end
删除格式化字符。
Note
puts "\e[31m" # set format (red foreground)
puts "\e[0m" # clear format
puts "green-#{"red".red}-green".green # will be green-red-normal, because of \e[0
推荐文章
- 更改UITextField和UITextView光标/插入符颜色
- Rails中的OO设计:在哪里放置东西
- 给定一个类，查看实例是否有方法(Ruby)
- 在日历应用程序中建模重复事件的最佳方法是什么?
- 如何创建一个私有类方法?
- 无法安装pg gem
- 双* (splat)操作符做什么
- 如何使用Ruby on Rails进行HTTP请求?
- 如何从rake任务中提前返回?
- 什么&。(&点)在Ruby中是什么意思?
- 在.NET控制台应用程序中监听按键
- 是什么阻碍了Ruby和Python获得V8的Javascript速度?
- 运行pod设置给我“坏的解释器:没有这样的文件或目录”错误
- 在Ubuntu上安装sqlite3-ruby错误
- 是否可以在。net中以彩色方式写入控制台?
