使用Ruby，我如何在终端中为输出执行背景和前景文本着色?
我记得，在编程Pascal时，我们都习惯编写自己的textcolor(…)程序，以使我们的小教育程序看起来更漂亮、更有表现力。
我该如何在Ruby中编写类似的代码呢?核心库中是否有任何内置的支持来实现这一点?如果不是，什么是添加它的惯用方式?
当前回答
您可以在控制台中使用ANSI转义序列来完成此操作。我知道这适用于Linux和Mac OS X，但我不确定Windows控制台(cmd)是否支持ANSI。
我是用Java写的，但思想是一样的。
// Foreground color
public static final String BLACK_TEXT() { return "\033[30m";}
public static final String RED_TEXT() { return "\033[31m";}
public static final String GREEN_TEXT() { return "\033[32m";}
public static final String BROWN_TEXT() { return "\033[33m";}
public static final String BLUE_TEXT() { return "\033[34m";}
public static final String MAGENTA_TEXT() { return "\033[35m";}
public static final String CYAN_TEXT() { return "\033[36m";}
public static final String GRAY_TEXT() { return "\033[37m";}
// Background color
public static final String BLACK_BACK() { return "\033[40m";}
public static final String RED_BACK() { return "\033[41m";}
public static final String GREEN_BACK() { return "\033[42m";}
public static final String BROWN_BACK() { return "\033[43m";}
public static final String BLUE_BACK() { return "\033[44m";}
public static final String MAGENTA_BACK() { return "\033[45m";}
public static final String CYAN_BACK() { return "\033[46m";}
public static final String WHITE_BACK() { return "\033[47m";}
// ANSI control characters
public static final String RESET_COLORS() { return "\033[0m";}
public static final String BOLD_ON() { return "\033[1m";}
public static final String BLINK_ON() { return "\033[5m";}
public static final String REVERSE_ON() { return "\033[7m";}
public static final String BOLD_OFF() { return "\033[22m";}
public static final String BLINK_OFF() { return "\033[25m";}
public static final String REVERSE_OFF() { return "\033[27m";}
其他回答
我发现前面的答案很有用。但是，如果我想在不使用任何第三方库的情况下对日志输出等内容进行着色，那么它们就不适合。下面的方法帮我解决了这个问题:
red = 31
green = 32
blue = 34
def color (color=blue)
printf "\033[#{color}m";
yield
printf "\033[0m"
end
color { puts "this is blue" }
color(red) { logger.info "and this is red" }
根据Erik Skoglund和其他人的回答，我写了一个小方法来测试基本的颜色模式。
#outputs color table to console, regular and bold modes
def colortable
names = %w(black red green yellow blue pink cyan white default)
fgcodes = (30..39).to_a - [38]
s = ''
reg = "\e[%d;%dm%s\e[0m"
bold = "\e[1;%d;%dm%s\e[0m"
puts ' color table with these background codes:'
puts ' 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 49'
names.zip(fgcodes).each {|name,fg|
s = "#{fg}"
puts "%7s "%name + "#{reg} #{bold} "*9 % [fg,40,s,fg,40,s, fg,41,s,fg,41,s, fg,42,s,fg,42,s, fg,43,s,fg,43,s,
fg,44,s,fg,44,s, fg,45,s,fg,45,s, fg,46,s,fg,46,s, fg,47,s,fg,47,s, fg,49,s,fg,49,s ]
}
end
示例输出:
这可能会帮助你:彩色红宝石输出
您可以在控制台中使用ANSI转义序列来完成此操作。我知道这适用于Linux和Mac OS X，但我不确定Windows控制台(cmd)是否支持ANSI。
我是用Java写的，但思想是一样的。
// Foreground color
public static final String BLACK_TEXT() { return "\033[30m";}
public static final String RED_TEXT() { return "\033[31m";}
public static final String GREEN_TEXT() { return "\033[32m";}
public static final String BROWN_TEXT() { return "\033[33m";}
public static final String BLUE_TEXT() { return "\033[34m";}
public static final String MAGENTA_TEXT() { return "\033[35m";}
public static final String CYAN_TEXT() { return "\033[36m";}
public static final String GRAY_TEXT() { return "\033[37m";}
// Background color
public static final String BLACK_BACK() { return "\033[40m";}
public static final String RED_BACK() { return "\033[41m";}
public static final String GREEN_BACK() { return "\033[42m";}
public static final String BROWN_BACK() { return "\033[43m";}
public static final String BLUE_BACK() { return "\033[44m";}
public static final String MAGENTA_BACK() { return "\033[45m";}
public static final String CYAN_BACK() { return "\033[46m";}
public static final String WHITE_BACK() { return "\033[47m";}
// ANSI control characters
public static final String RESET_COLORS() { return "\033[0m";}
public static final String BOLD_ON() { return "\033[1m";}
public static final String BLINK_ON() { return "\033[5m";}
public static final String REVERSE_ON() { return "\033[7m";}
public static final String BOLD_OFF() { return "\033[22m";}
public static final String BLINK_OFF() { return "\033[25m";}
public static final String REVERSE_OFF() { return "\033[27m";}
我发明了这个方法。这不是什么大事，但很有效:
def colorize(text, color = "default", bgColor = "default")
colors = {"default" => "38","black" => "30","red" => "31","green" => "32","brown" => "33", "blue" => "34", "purple" => "35",
"cyan" => "36", "gray" => "37", "dark gray" => "1;30", "light red" => "1;31", "light green" => "1;32", "yellow" => "1;33",
"light blue" => "1;34", "light purple" => "1;35", "light cyan" => "1;36", "white" => "1;37"}
bgColors = {"default" => "0", "black" => "40", "red" => "41", "green" => "42", "brown" => "43", "blue" => "44",
"purple" => "45", "cyan" => "46", "gray" => "47", "dark gray" => "100", "light red" => "101", "light green" => "102",
"yellow" => "103", "light blue" => "104", "light purple" => "105", "light cyan" => "106", "white" => "107"}
color_code = colors[color]
bgColor_code = bgColors[bgColor]
return "\033[#{bgColor_code};#{color_code}m#{text}\033[0m"
end
下面是如何使用它:
puts "#{colorize("Hello World")}"
puts "#{colorize("Hello World", "yellow")}"
puts "#{colorize("Hello World", "white","light red")}"
可能的改进包括:
colors和bgColors在每次调用该方法时都被定义，并且它们不会改变。 添加其他选项，如粗体，下划线，暗等。
这个方法对p无效，因为p会检查它的参数。例如:
p "#{colorize("Hello World")}"
将显示“\e[0;38mHello World\e[0m”
我用看跌、打印和Logger gem对它进行了测试，它工作得很好。
我对此进行了改进，并创建了一个类，因此colors和bgColors是类常量，colorize是类方法:
编辑:更好的代码风格，定义常量而不是类变量，使用符号而不是字符串，增加了更多的选项，如粗体，斜体等。
class Colorizator
COLOURS = { default: '38', black: '30', red: '31', green: '32', brown: '33', blue: '34', purple: '35',
cyan: '36', gray: '37', dark_gray: '1;30', light_red: '1;31', light_green: '1;32', yellow: '1;33',
light_blue: '1;34', light_purple: '1;35', light_cyan: '1;36', white: '1;37' }.freeze
BG_COLOURS = { default: '0', black: '40', red: '41', green: '42', brown: '43', blue: '44',
purple: '45', cyan: '46', gray: '47', dark_gray: '100', light_red: '101', light_green: '102',
yellow: '103', light_blue: '104', light_purple: '105', light_cyan: '106', white: '107' }.freeze
FONT_OPTIONS = { bold: '1', dim: '2', italic: '3', underline: '4', reverse: '7', hidden: '8' }.freeze
def self.colorize(text, colour = :default, bg_colour = :default, **options)
colour_code = COLOURS[colour]
bg_colour_code = BG_COLOURS[bg_colour]
font_options = options.select { |k, v| v && FONT_OPTIONS.key?(k) }.keys
font_options = font_options.map { |e| FONT_OPTIONS[e] }.join(';').squeeze
return "\e[#{bg_colour_code};#{font_options};#{colour_code}m#{text}\e[0m".squeeze(';')
end
end
你可以这样使用它:
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :gray, :white
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :light_blue, bold: true
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :light_blue, :white, bold: true, underline: true
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