正如您所猜测的，这与类库的app.config中的连接字符串有关。

将类app.config中的条目复制到容器的app.config或web中。配置文件

是的，这很愚蠢。使用连接构建器可以避免复制连接字符串。VB。Net代码(在生产中使用，但在这里略有修改，因此视为未经测试，乐意协助解决任何问题)，其中我有一个serverName变量，一个databaseName变量，我将它们传递到一个方法，并让它为我生成连接:

    Dim EfBuilder As New System.Data.EntityClient.EntityConnectionStringBuilder("metadata=res://*/VMware.VmEf.csdl|res://*/VMware.VmEf.ssdl|res://*/VMware.VmEf.msl;provider=System.Data.SqlClient;provider connection string=""data source=none;initial catalog=none;integrated security=True;multipleactiveresultsets=True;App=EntityFramework""")
   Dim SqlBuilder As New Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionStringBuilder(EfBuilder.ProviderConnectionString)
                        SqlBuilder.DataSource = serverName
                        SqlBuilder.InitialCatalog = databaseName
                        EfBuilder.ProviderConnectionString = SqlBuilder.ConnectionString
                        Using vmCtx As New VmEfConn(EfBuilder.ConnectionString)

将连接字符串复制到app.config或web。如果在数据层项目中使用实体框架，请在主项目中安装实体框架nuget。

Add an App.Config file Set the project as startup project. Make sure you add the connection strings after entityFramework section: <configSections> <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 --> <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false"/> </configSections> <connectionStrings> <!-- your connection string goes here, after configSection --> </connectionString>

添加ConnectionString到MVC项目Web。配置文件

确保你已经在启动项目的ROOT web.config中放置了连接字符串。

I know I'm kinda stating the obvious here, but it happened to me too - though I already HAD the connection string in my MVC project's Web.Config (the .edmx file was placed at a different, class library project) and I couldn't figure out why I keep getting an exception... Long story short, I copied the connection string to the Views\Web.Config by mistake, in a strange combination of tiredness and not-scrolling-to-the-bottom-of-the-solution-explorer scenario. Yeah, these things happen to veteran developers as well :)