确保你已经在启动项目的ROOT web.config中放置了连接字符串。

I know I'm kinda stating the obvious here, but it happened to me too - though I already HAD the connection string in my MVC project's Web.Config (the .edmx file was placed at a different, class library project) and I couldn't figure out why I keep getting an exception... Long story short, I copied the connection string to the Views\Web.Config by mistake, in a strange combination of tiredness and not-scrolling-to-the-bottom-of-the-solution-explorer scenario. Yeah, these things happen to veteran developers as well :)

正如您所猜测的，这与类库的app.config中的连接字符串有关。

将类app.config中的条目复制到容器的app.config或web中。配置文件

是的，这很愚蠢。使用连接构建器可以避免复制连接字符串。VB。Net代码(在生产中使用，但在这里略有修改，因此视为未经测试，乐意协助解决任何问题)，其中我有一个serverName变量，一个databaseName变量，我将它们传递到一个方法，并让它为我生成连接:

    Dim EfBuilder As New System.Data.EntityClient.EntityConnectionStringBuilder("metadata=res://*/VMware.VmEf.csdl|res://*/VMware.VmEf.ssdl|res://*/VMware.VmEf.msl;provider=System.Data.SqlClient;provider connection string=""data source=none;initial catalog=none;integrated security=True;multipleactiveresultsets=True;App=EntityFramework""")
   Dim SqlBuilder As New Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionStringBuilder(EfBuilder.ProviderConnectionString)
                        SqlBuilder.DataSource = serverName
                        SqlBuilder.InitialCatalog = databaseName
                        EfBuilder.ProviderConnectionString = SqlBuilder.ConnectionString
                        Using vmCtx As New VmEfConn(EfBuilder.ConnectionString)

我也遇到过同样的问题。我错过了把连接字符串到启动项目，因为我正在从其他层执行数据访问操作。同样，如果你的启动项目中没有app.config，那么添加app.config文件，然后向该配置文件添加连接字符串。

确保你的项目(使用DbContext)作为启动

OR

添加到app.config(或web.config)中设置为启动连接字符串的项目

OR

像这样调用命令

Update-Database -Script -ProjectName '<项目名称>' -StartupProjectName '<项目名称>' -ConnectionString '数据源=.;初始目录=<db名称>;集成安全性=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True' -ConnectionProviderName 'System.Data.SqlClient'

然后再试一次

在web中添加Connectoinstrnig。配置文件

<ConnectionStiring> <add name="dbName" Connectionstring=" include provider name too"  ></ConnectionStiring>