解决方法很简单:

如果您有一个所有片段都扩展的基片段类，那么将此代码添加到它的类中，否则创建这样一个基片段类

/* 
* called when on back pressed to the current fragment that is returned
*/
public void onBackPressed()
{
    // add code in super class when override
}

在你的Activity类中，重写onBackPressed如下:

private BaseFragment _currentFragment;

@Override
public void onBackPressed()
{
      super.onBackPressed();
     _currentFragment.onBackPressed();
}

在Fragment类中，添加你想要的代码:

@Override
public void onBackPressed()
{
    setUpTitle();
}

在活动生命周期中，当我们使用FragmentActivity或AppCompatActivity时，总是android返回按钮处理FragmentManager事务。要处理backstack，我们不需要处理它的backstack计数或标记任何东西，但我们应该在添加或替换片段时保持专注。请找到以下片段来处理后退按钮的情况，

    public void replaceFragment(Fragment fragment) {

        FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        if (!(fragment instanceof HomeFragment)) {
            transaction.addToBackStack(null);
        }
        transaction.replace(R.id.activity_menu_fragment_container, fragment).commit();
    }

在这里，我不会为我的主页片段添加回堆栈，因为它是我应用程序的主页。如果将addToBackStack添加到HomeFragment，那么应用程序将等待删除活动中的所有片段，然后我们将得到空白屏幕，所以我保持以下条件，

if (!(fragment instanceof HomeFragment)) {
            transaction.addToBackStack(null);
}

现在，你可以看到之前添加的片段在活动和应用程序将退出时，到达HomeFragment。您还可以查看以下片段。

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {

    if (mDrawerLayout.isDrawerOpen(Gravity.LEFT)) {
        closeDrawer();
    } else {
        super.onBackPressed();
    }
}

新的和更好的方法:以下片段中的代码段将帮助您捕获反按事件。

JAVA

@Override
public void onAttach(@NonNull Context context) {
    super.onAttach(context);

    OnBackPressedCallback callback = new OnBackPressedCallback(true) {
        @Override
        public void handleOnBackPressed() {
            Toast.makeText(mContext, "back pressed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            
            // And when you want to go back based on your condition
            if (yourCondition) {
                this.setEnabled(false);
                requireActivity().onBackPressed();
            }
        }
    };

    requireActivity().getOnBackPressedDispatcher().addCallback(this, callback);
}

科特林

activity?.onBackPressedDispatcher?.addCallback(viewLifecycleOwner, object : OnBackPressedCallback(true) {
    override fun handleOnBackPressed() {

    }
})

我是这样做的，对我很管用

简单的界面

FragmentOnBackClickInterface.java

public interface FragmentOnBackClickInterface {
    void onClick();
}

示例实现

MyFragment.java

public class MyFragment extends Fragment implements FragmentOnBackClickInterface {

// other stuff

public void onClick() {
       // what you want to call onBackPressed?
}

然后在activity中重写onBackPressed

    @Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    int count = getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount();
    List<Fragment> frags = getSupportFragmentManager().getFragments();
    Fragment lastFrag = getLastNotNull(frags);
    //nothing else in back stack || nothing in back stack is instance of our interface
    if (count == 0 || !(lastFrag instanceof FragmentOnBackClickInterface)) {
        super.onBackPressed();
    } else {
        ((FragmentOnBackClickInterface) lastFrag).onClick();
    }
}

private Fragment getLastNotNull(List<Fragment> list){
    for (int i= list.size()-1;i>=0;i--){
        Fragment frag = list.get(i);
        if (frag != null){
            return frag;
        }
    }
    return null;
}

使用导航组件，你可以这样做:

Java

public class MyFragment extends Fragment {

@Override
public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    // This callback will only be called when MyFragment is at least Started.
    OnBackPressedCallback callback = new OnBackPressedCallback(true /* enabled by default */) {
        @Override
        public void handleOnBackPressed() {
            // Handle the back button event
        }
    });
    requireActivity().getOnBackPressedDispatcher().addCallback(this, callback);

    // The callback can be enabled or disabled here or in handleOnBackPressed()
}
...
}

科特林

class MyFragment : Fragment() {

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

    // This callback will only be called when MyFragment is at least Started.
    val callback = requireActivity().onBackPressedDispatcher.addCallback(this) {
        // Handle the back button event
    }

    // The callback can be enabled or disabled here or in the lambda
}
...
}

好了，伙计们，我终于找到一个好办法了。

在你的onCreate()在你的活动中容纳你的片段添加一个backstack更改监听器，如下所示:

    fragmentManager.addOnBackStackChangedListener(new FragmentManager.OnBackStackChangedListener() {
        @Override
        public void onBackStackChanged() {
            List<Fragment> f = fragmentManager.getFragments();
            //List<Fragment> f only returns one value
            Fragment frag = f.get(0);
            currentFragment = frag.getClass().getSimpleName();
        }
    });

(同时添加我的fragmenManager是在活动O 现在每次你改变fragment，当前的fragment String就会变成当前fragment的名字。然后在onBackPressed()活动中，你可以这样控制后退按钮的动作:

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {

    switch (currentFragment) {
        case "FragmentOne":
            // your code here
            return;
        case "FragmentTwo":
            // your code here
            return;
        default:
            fragmentManager.popBackStack();
            // default action for any other fragment (return to previous)
    }

}

我可以确认这个方法对我有用。