如果你使用androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.1.0或以上，那么你可以添加一个OnBackPressedCallback到你的片段，如下所示

requireActivity()
    .onBackPressedDispatcher
    .addCallback(this, object : OnBackPressedCallback(true) {
        override fun handleOnBackPressed() {
            Log.d(TAG, "Fragment back pressed invoked")
            // Do custom work here    

            // if you want onBackPressed() to be called as normal afterwards
            if (isEnabled) {
                isEnabled = false
                requireActivity().onBackPressed()
            }
        }
    }
)

参见https://developer.android.com/guide/navigation/navigation-custom-back

在mainActivity实现回调接口中

protected mainActivity.OnBackPressedListener onBackPressedListener;

public interface OnBackPressedListener {
    void doBack();
}

public void setOnBackPressedListener(mainActivity.OnBackPressedListener onBackPressedListener) {
    this.onBackPressedListener = onBackPressedListener;
}

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    if (onBackPressedListener != null) {
        onBackPressedListener.doBack();
    } else { 
        super.onBackPressed();
    }
}

在片段实现接口OnBackPressedListener，我们写在mainActivity

implements mainActivity.OnBackPressedListener

mainActivity是我的基本活动，在你的片段onCreateView方法中编写以下代码

((mainActivity) getActivity()).setOnBackPressedListener(this);

并实现OnBackPressedListener接口方法doBack

@Override
public void doBack() {
    //call base fragment 
}

现在使用doBack()方法调用你想要调用的fragment

最好的解决方案,

import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {

        FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
        for (Fragment frag : fm.getFragments()) {
            if (frag == null) {
                super.onBackPressed();
                finish();
                return;
            }
            if (frag.isVisible()) {
                FragmentManager childFm = frag.getChildFragmentManager();
                if (childFm.getFragments() == null) {
                    super.onBackPressed();
                    finish();
                    return;
                }
                if (childFm.getBackStackEntryCount() > 0) {
                    childFm.popBackStack();
                    return;
                }
                else {

                    fm.popBackStack();
                    if (fm.getFragments().size() <= 1) {
                        finish();
                    }
                    return;
                }

            }
        }
    }
}

我是这样做的，对我很管用

简单的界面

FragmentOnBackClickInterface.java

public interface FragmentOnBackClickInterface {
    void onClick();
}

示例实现

MyFragment.java

public class MyFragment extends Fragment implements FragmentOnBackClickInterface {

// other stuff

public void onClick() {
       // what you want to call onBackPressed?
}

然后在activity中重写onBackPressed

    @Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    int count = getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount();
    List<Fragment> frags = getSupportFragmentManager().getFragments();
    Fragment lastFrag = getLastNotNull(frags);
    //nothing else in back stack || nothing in back stack is instance of our interface
    if (count == 0 || !(lastFrag instanceof FragmentOnBackClickInterface)) {
        super.onBackPressed();
    } else {
        ((FragmentOnBackClickInterface) lastFrag).onClick();
    }
}

private Fragment getLastNotNull(List<Fragment> list){
    for (int i= list.size()-1;i>=0;i--){
        Fragment frag = list.get(i);
        if (frag != null){
            return frag;
        }
    }
    return null;
}

我有同样的问题，我为它创建了一个新的侦听器，并在我的片段中使用。

1 -你的活动应该有一个监听器接口和一个监听器列表

你应该实现添加和删除监听器的方法

你应该重写onBackPressed方法来检查监听器是否使用了背按

public class MainActivity ... {

    /**
     * Back press listener list. Used for notifying fragments when onBackPressed called
     */
    private Stack<BackPressListener> backPressListeners = new Stack<BackPressListener>();


    ...

    /**
     * Adding new listener to back press listener stack
     * @param backPressListener
     */
    public void addBackPressListener(BackPressListener backPressListener) {
        backPressListeners.add(backPressListener);
    }

    /**
     * Removing the listener from back press listener stack
     * @param backPressListener
     */
    public void removeBackPressListener(BackPressListener backPressListener) {
        backPressListeners.remove(backPressListener);
    }


    // Overriding onBackPressed to check that is there any listener using this back press
    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {

        // checks if is there any back press listeners use this press
        for(BackPressListener backPressListener : backPressListeners) {
            if(backPressListener.onBackPressed()) return;
        }

        // if not returns in the loop, calls super onBackPressed
        super.onBackPressed();
    }

}

4 -你的片段必须实现接口的背压

5 -你需要添加片段作为背按的监听器

如果片段使用这个背压，你应该从onBackPressed返回true

7 -重要-你必须删除片段从列表onDestroy

public class MyFragment extends Fragment implements MainActivity.BackPressListener {


    ...

    @Override
    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        // adding the fragment to listener list
        ((MainActivity) activity).addBackPressListener(this);
    }

    ...

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();

        // removing the fragment from the listener list
        ((MainActivity) getActivity()).removeBackPressListener(this);
    }

    ...

    @Override
    public boolean onBackPressed() {

        // you should check that if this fragment is the currently used fragment or not
        // if this fragment is not used at the moment you should return false
        if(!isThisFragmentVisibleAtTheMoment) return false;

        if (isThisFragmentUsingBackPress) {
            // do what you need to do
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

有一个Stack来代替ArrayList，以便能够从最新的片段开始。在向后台堆栈添加片段时也可能出现问题。所以你需要检查碎片是否可见，而使用背压。否则，其中一个片段将使用事件，并且最新的片段将不会在背按时关闭。

我希望这能解决所有人的问题。

在我看来，最好的解决办法是:

JAVA解决方案

创建简单的界面:

public interface IOnBackPressed {
    /**
     * If you return true the back press will not be taken into account, otherwise the activity will act naturally
     * @return true if your processing has priority if not false
     */
    boolean onBackPressed();
}

在你的活动中

public class MyActivity extends Activity {
    @Override public void onBackPressed() {
    Fragment fragment = getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.main_container);
       if (!(fragment instanceof IOnBackPressed) || !((IOnBackPressed) fragment).onBackPressed()) {
          super.onBackPressed();
       }
    } ...
}

最后在你的片段中:

public class MyFragment extends Fragment implements IOnBackPressed{
   @Override
   public boolean onBackPressed() {
       if (myCondition) {
            //action not popBackStack
            return true; 
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

芬兰湾的科特林解决方案

1 -创建接口

interface IOnBackPressed {
    fun onBackPressed(): Boolean
}

2 -准备你的活动

class MyActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onBackPressed() {
        val fragment =
            this.supportFragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.main_container)
        (fragment as? IOnBackPressed)?.onBackPressed()?.not()?.let {
            super.onBackPressed()
        }
    }
}

3 -实现在你的目标片段

class MyFragment : Fragment(), IOnBackPressed {
    override fun onBackPressed(): Boolean {
        return if (myCondition) {
            //action not popBackStack
            true
        } else {
            false
        }
    }
}