我正在尝试学习钩子和useState方法使我困惑。我以数组的形式将初始值赋给一个状态。useState中的set方法不适合我,无论是否使用扩展语法。

我已经在另一台PC上做了一个API,我正在调用并获取我想设置为状态的数据。

这是我的代码:

<div id="root"></div> <script type="text/babel" defer> // import React, { useState, useEffect } from "react"; // import ReactDOM from "react-dom"; const { useState, useEffect } = React; // web-browser variant const StateSelector = () => { const initialValue = [ { category: "", photo: "", description: "", id: 0, name: "", rating: 0 } ]; const [movies, setMovies] = useState(initialValue); useEffect(() => { (async function() { try { // const response = await fetch("http://192.168.1.164:5000/movies/display"); // const json = await response.json(); // const result = json.data.result; const result = [ { category: "cat1", description: "desc1", id: "1546514491119", name: "randomname2", photo: null, rating: "3" }, { category: "cat2", description: "desc1", id: "1546837819818", name: "randomname1", rating: "5" } ]; console.log("result =", result); setMovies(result); console.log("movies =", movies); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } })(); }, []); return <p>hello</p>; }; const rootElement = document.getElementById("root"); ReactDOM.render(<StateSelector />, rootElement); </script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/@babel/standalone@7/babel.min.js"></script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/react@17/umd/react.production.min.js"></script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@17/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script>

setMovies(result)和setMovies(…result)都不起作用。

我希望结果变量被推入movies数组。


当前回答

很像扩展React创建的类组件中的. setstate()。组件或React。使用useState钩子提供的更新器的PureComponent状态更新也是异步的,并且不会立即反映出来。

此外,这里的主要问题不仅是异步性质,而且是函数基于当前闭包使用状态值,状态更新将在下一次重新呈现中反映出来,这样现有的闭包不会受到影响,但会创建新的闭包。现在,在当前状态下,钩子中的值是由现有的闭包获得的,当重新呈现发生时,闭包将根据是否再次重新创建函数而更新。

即使您添加了一个setTimeout函数,尽管超时将在重新呈现发生的一段时间后运行,但setTimeout仍将使用前一个闭包的值,而不是更新的值。

setMovies(result);
console.log(movies) // movies here will not be updated

如果你想在状态更新上执行一个动作,你需要使用useEffect钩子,就像在类组件中使用componentDidUpdate一样,因为useState返回的setter没有回调模式

useEffect(() => {
    // action on update of movies
}, [movies]);

就更新状态的语法而言,setMovies(result)将用异步请求中可用的movies值替换状态中先前的movies值。

但是,如果希望将响应与先前存在的值合并,则必须使用状态更新的回调语法以及正确使用扩展语法,如

setMovies(prevMovies => ([...prevMovies, ...result]));

其他回答

之前答案的附加细节:

虽然React的setState是异步的(类和钩子都是异步的),而且很容易用这个事实来解释观察到的行为,但这并不是它发生的原因。

TLDR:原因是围绕不可变const值的闭包作用域。


解决方案:

read the value in render function (not inside nested functions): useEffect(() => { setMovies(result) }, []) console.log(movies) add the variable into dependencies (and use the react-hooks/exhaustive-deps eslint rule): useEffect(() => { setMovies(result) }, []) useEffect(() => { console.log(movies) }, [movies]) use a temporary variable: useEffect(() => { const newMovies = result console.log(newMovies) setMovies(newMovies) }, []) use a mutable reference (if we don't need a state and only want to remember the value - updating a ref doesn't trigger re-render): const moviesRef = useRef(initialValue) useEffect(() => { moviesRef.current = result console.log(moviesRef.current) }, [])


解释为什么会这样:

如果async是唯一的原因,那么可以等待setState()。

然而,道具和状态都假定在1渲染期间不变。

对待这个问题。状态,仿佛它是不可变的。

对于钩子,通过使用常量值和const关键字来加强这个假设:

const [state, setState] = useState('initial')

该值在2个渲染之间可能不同,但在渲染本身和任何闭包(即使在渲染完成后仍然存在更长的函数,例如useEffect,事件处理程序,在任何Promise或setTimeout内)中保持不变。

考虑以下伪的,但是同步的,类似react的实现:

// sync implementation: let internalState let renderAgain const setState = (updateFn) => { internalState = updateFn(internalState) renderAgain() } const useState = (defaultState) => { if (!internalState) { internalState = defaultState } return [internalState, setState] } const render = (component, node) => { const {html, handleClick} = component() node.innerHTML = html renderAgain = () => render(component, node) return handleClick } // test: const MyComponent = () => { const [x, setX] = useState(1) console.log('in render:', x) // ✅ const handleClick = () => { setX(current => current + 1) console.log('in handler/effect/Promise/setTimeout:', x) // ❌ NOT updated } return { html: `<button>${x}</button>`, handleClick } } const triggerClick = render(MyComponent, document.getElementById('root')) triggerClick() triggerClick() triggerClick() <div id="root"></div>

React的useEffect有自己的状态/生命周期。它与状态突变有关,直到效果被破坏才会更新状态。

只要在参数状态中传递一个参数或留下一个黑色数组,它就会完美地工作。

React.useEffect(() => {
    console.log("effect");
    (async () => {
        try {
            let result = await fetch("/query/countries");
            const res = await result.json();
            let result1 = await fetch("/query/projects");
            const res1 = await result1.json();
            let result11 = await fetch("/query/regions");
            const res11 = await result11.json();
            setData({
                countries: res,
                projects: res1,
                regions: res11
            });
        } catch {}
    })(data)
}, [setData])
# or use this
useEffect(() => {
    (async () => {
        try {
            await Promise.all([
                fetch("/query/countries").then((response) => response.json()),
                fetch("/query/projects").then((response) => response.json()),
                fetch("/query/regions").then((response) => response.json())
            ]).then(([country, project, region]) => {
                // console.log(country, project, region);
                setData({
                    countries: country,
                    projects: project,
                    regions: region
                });
            })
        } catch {
            console.log("data fetch error")
        }
    })()
}, [setData]);

或者,您可以尝试React. useref()在React钩子中进行即时更改。

const movies = React.useRef(null);
useEffect(() => {
movies.current='values';
console.log(movies.current)
}, [])

使用后台定时器库。它解决了我的问题。

const timeoutId = BackgroundTimer.setTimeout(() => {
    // This will be executed once after 1 seconds
    // even when the application is the background
    console.log('tac');
}, 1000);

I too was stuck with the same problem. As other answers above have clarified the error here, which is that useState is asynchronous and you are trying to use the value just after setState. It is not updating on the console.log() part because of the asynchronous nature of setState, it lets your further code to execute, while the value updating happens on the background. Thus you are getting the previous value. When the setState is completed on the background it will update the value and you will have access to that value on the next render.

如果有人有兴趣了解这个细节。这是一个关于这个话题的非常好的会议发言。

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aGhZQkoFbQ

不需要任何额外的NPM包

//...
const BackendPageListing = () => {
    
    const [ myData, setMyData] = useState( {
        id: 1,
        content: "abc"
    })

    const myFunction = ( x ) => {
        
        setPagenateInfo({
        ...myData,
        content: x
        })

        console.log(myData) // not reflecting change immediately

        let myDataNew = {...myData, content: x };
        
        console.log(myDataNew) // Reflecting change immediately

    }

    return (
        <>
            <button onClick={()=>{ myFunction("New Content")} }>Update MyData</button>
        </>
    )