如何在C#中生成随机整数?


当前回答

Random r = new Random();
int n = r.Next();

其他回答

您可以在他为伪随机数构建的MiscUtil类库中使用JonSkeet的StaticRandom方法。

using MiscUtil;
...

for (int i = 0; i < 100; 
    Console.WriteLine(StaticRandom.Next());

快速方便的内联,使用以下代码:

new Random().Next(min, max);

// for example unique name
strName += "_" + new Random().Next(100, 999);

如果您希望CSRNG生成最小值和最大值之间的随机数,这是适合您的。它将使用安全的随机种子初始化随机类。

    class SecureRandom : Random
    {
        public static byte[] GetBytes(ulong length)
        {
            RNGCryptoServiceProvider RNG = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
            byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
            RNG.GetBytes(bytes);
            RNG.Dispose();
            return bytes;
        }
        public SecureRandom() : base(BitConverter.ToInt32(GetBytes(4), 0))
        {

        }
        public int GetRandomInt(int min, int max)
        {
            int treashold = max - min;
            if(treashold != Math.Abs(treashold))
            {
                throw new ArithmeticException("The minimum value can't exceed the maximum value!");
            }
            if (treashold == 0)
            {
                throw new ArithmeticException("The minimum value can't be the same as the maximum value!");
            }
            return min + (Next() % treashold);
        }
        public static int GetRandomIntStatic(int min, int max)
        {
            int treashold = max - min;
            if (treashold != Math.Abs(treashold))
            {
                throw new ArithmeticException("The minimum value can't exceed the maximum value!");
            }
            if(treashold == 0)
            {
                throw new ArithmeticException("The minimum value can't be the same as the maximum value!");
            }
            return min + (BitConverter.ToInt32(GetBytes(4), 0) % treashold);
        }
    }

我想演示每次使用新的随机生成器时会发生什么。假设您有两个方法或两个类,每个都需要一个随机数。你天真地把它们编码成:

public class A
{
    public A()
    {
        var rnd=new Random();
        ID=rnd.Next();
    }
    public int ID { get; private set; }
}
public class B
{
    public B()
    {
        var rnd=new Random();
        ID=rnd.Next();
    }
    public int ID { get; private set; }
}

你认为你会得到两个不同的身份证吗?不

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        A a=new A();
        B b=new B();

        int ida=a.ID, idb=b.ID;
        // ida = 1452879101
        // idb = 1452879101
    }
}

解决方案是始终使用单个静态随机生成器。这样地:

public static class Utils
{
    public static readonly Random random=new Random();
}

public class A
{
    public A()
    {
        ID=Utils.random.Next();
    }
    public int ID { get; private set; }
}
public class B
{
    public B()
    {
        ID=Utils.random.Next();
    }
    public int ID { get; private set; }
}

有许多实用程序函数或服务以与System.Random相同的方式更好地缓存,因此它适合于通用实现:

static public class CachedService<T> where T : new() {
    static public T Get { get; } = new T();
}

用于随机(或类似):

CachedService<System.Random>.Get.Next(999);