这个解释是基于我的一个朋友写的带注释的Ruby脚本。如果您想改进脚本，请在链接中进行更新。

首先，请注意，当Ruby调用shell时，它通常调用/bin/sh，而不是Bash。在所有系统上/bin/sh不支持某些Bash语法。

以下是执行shell脚本的方法:

cmd = "echo 'hi'" # Sample string that can be used

Kernel#` , commonly called backticks – `cmd` This is like many other languages, including Bash, PHP, and Perl. Returns the result (i.e. standard output) of the shell command. Docs: http://ruby-doc.org/core/Kernel.html#method-i-60 value = `echo 'hi'` value = `#{cmd}` Built-in syntax, %x( cmd ) Following the x character is a delimiter, which can be any character. If the delimiter is one of the characters (, [, {, or <, the literal consists of the characters up to the matching closing delimiter, taking account of nested delimiter pairs. For all other delimiters, the literal comprises the characters up to the next occurrence of the delimiter character. String interpolation #{ ... } is allowed. Returns the result (i.e. standard output) of the shell command, just like the backticks. Docs: https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/syntax/literals_rdoc.html#label-Percent+Strings value = %x( echo 'hi' ) value = %x[ #{cmd} ] Kernel#system Executes the given command in a subshell. Returns true if the command was found and run successfully, false otherwise. Docs: http://ruby-doc.org/core/Kernel.html#method-i-system wasGood = system( "echo 'hi'" ) wasGood = system( cmd ) Kernel#exec Replaces the current process by running the given external command. Returns none, the current process is replaced and never continues. Docs: http://ruby-doc.org/core/Kernel.html#method-i-exec exec( "echo 'hi'" ) exec( cmd ) # Note: this will never be reached because of the line above

这里有一些额外的建议: $ ?，与$CHILD_STATUS相同，如果使用反勾号、system()或%x{}，则访问最后一个系统执行命令的状态。 然后你可以访问exitstatus和pid属性:

$?.exitstatus

更多阅读请参见:

http://www.elctech.com/blog/i-m-in-ur-commandline-executin-ma-commands http://blog.jayfields.com/2006/06/ruby-kernel-system-exec-and-x.html http://tech.natemurray.com/2007/03/ruby-shell-commands.html

backticks(')方法是在Ruby中调用shell命令最简单的方法。它返回shell命令的结果:

     url_request = 'http://google.com'
     result_of_shell_command = `curl #{url_request}`

我绝对不是Ruby专家，但我还是会试一试:

$ irb 
system "echo Hi"
Hi
=> true

你还应该能够做以下事情:

cmd = 'ls'
system(cmd)

你也可以使用反勾操作符(')，类似于Perl:

directoryListing = `ls /`
puts directoryListing # prints the contents of the root directory

如果你需要简单的东西，很方便。

你想要使用哪种方法取决于你想要完成什么;有关不同方法的更多细节，请查看文档。

我喜欢的方法是使用%x文字，这使得在命令中使用引号很容易(而且易读!)，如下所示:

directorylist = %x[find . -name '*test.rb' | sort]

在这种情况下，它将填充当前目录下的所有测试文件的文件列表，您可以按照预期进行处理:

directorylist.each do |filename|
  filename.chomp!
  # work with file
end

不确定shell命令。我使用以下命令将系统命令的输出捕获到变量val中:

val = capture(:stdout) do
  system("pwd")
end

puts val

缩短版本:

val = capture(:stdout) { system("pwd") }

捕获方法由active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting.rb提供

类似地，我们也可以用:stderr捕获标准错误