这个解释是基于我的一个朋友写的带注释的Ruby脚本。如果您想改进脚本，请在链接中进行更新。

首先，请注意，当Ruby调用shell时，它通常调用/bin/sh，而不是Bash。在所有系统上/bin/sh不支持某些Bash语法。

以下是执行shell脚本的方法:

cmd = "echo 'hi'" # Sample string that can be used

Kernel#` , commonly called backticks – `cmd` This is like many other languages, including Bash, PHP, and Perl. Returns the result (i.e. standard output) of the shell command. Docs: http://ruby-doc.org/core/Kernel.html#method-i-60 value = `echo 'hi'` value = `#{cmd}` Built-in syntax, %x( cmd ) Following the x character is a delimiter, which can be any character. If the delimiter is one of the characters (, [, {, or <, the literal consists of the characters up to the matching closing delimiter, taking account of nested delimiter pairs. For all other delimiters, the literal comprises the characters up to the next occurrence of the delimiter character. String interpolation #{ ... } is allowed. Returns the result (i.e. standard output) of the shell command, just like the backticks. Docs: https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/syntax/literals_rdoc.html#label-Percent+Strings value = %x( echo 'hi' ) value = %x[ #{cmd} ] Kernel#system Executes the given command in a subshell. Returns true if the command was found and run successfully, false otherwise. Docs: http://ruby-doc.org/core/Kernel.html#method-i-system wasGood = system( "echo 'hi'" ) wasGood = system( cmd ) Kernel#exec Replaces the current process by running the given external command. Returns none, the current process is replaced and never continues. Docs: http://ruby-doc.org/core/Kernel.html#method-i-exec exec( "echo 'hi'" ) exec( cmd ) # Note: this will never be reached because of the line above

这里有一些额外的建议: $ ?，与$CHILD_STATUS相同，如果使用反勾号、system()或%x{}，则访问最后一个系统执行命令的状态。 然后你可以访问exitstatus和pid属性:

$?.exitstatus

更多阅读请参见:

http://www.elctech.com/blog/i-m-in-ur-commandline-executin-ma-commands http://blog.jayfields.com/2006/06/ruby-kernel-system-exec-and-x.html http://tech.natemurray.com/2007/03/ruby-shell-commands.html

还有一个选择:

当你:

需要stderr和stdout 不能/不会使用Open3/Open4(他们在我的Mac上的NetBeans中抛出异常，不知道为什么)

你可以使用shell重定向:

puts %x[cat bogus.txt].inspect
  => ""

puts %x[cat bogus.txt 2>&1].inspect
  => "cat: bogus.txt: No such file or directory\n"

从MS-DOS的早期开始，2>&1语法就适用于Linux、Mac和Windows。

不确定shell命令。我使用以下命令将系统命令的输出捕获到变量val中:

val = capture(:stdout) do
  system("pwd")
end

puts val

缩短版本:

val = capture(:stdout) { system("pwd") }

捕获方法由active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting.rb提供

类似地，我们也可以用:stderr捕获标准错误

我绝对不是Ruby专家，但我还是会试一试:

$ irb 
system "echo Hi"
Hi
=> true

你还应该能够做以下事情:

cmd = 'ls'
system(cmd)

如果您有一个比普通情况更复杂的情况，不能用' '来处理，那么请检查Kernel.spawn()。这似乎是Ruby提供的用于执行外部命令的最通用/功能最齐全的程序。

你可以用它来:

创建进程组(Windows)。 重定向进，出，错误文件/彼此。 设置env vars, umask。 执行命令前请更换目录。 设置CPU/数据等资源限制。 在其他答案中做其他选项可以做的所有事情，但需要更多的代码。

Ruby文档中有足够好的例子:

env: hash
  name => val : set the environment variable
  name => nil : unset the environment variable
command...:
  commandline                 : command line string which is passed to the standard shell
  cmdname, arg1, ...          : command name and one or more arguments (no shell)
  [cmdname, argv0], arg1, ... : command name, argv[0] and zero or more arguments (no shell)
options: hash
  clearing environment variables:
    :unsetenv_others => true   : clear environment variables except specified by env
    :unsetenv_others => false  : dont clear (default)
  process group:
    :pgroup => true or 0 : make a new process group
    :pgroup => pgid      : join to specified process group
    :pgroup => nil       : dont change the process group (default)
  create new process group: Windows only
    :new_pgroup => true  : the new process is the root process of a new process group
    :new_pgroup => false : dont create a new process group (default)
  resource limit: resourcename is core, cpu, data, etc.  See Process.setrlimit.
    :rlimit_resourcename => limit
    :rlimit_resourcename => [cur_limit, max_limit]
  current directory:
    :chdir => str
  umask:
    :umask => int
  redirection:
    key:
      FD              : single file descriptor in child process
      [FD, FD, ...]   : multiple file descriptor in child process
    value:
      FD                        : redirect to the file descriptor in parent process
      string                    : redirect to file with open(string, "r" or "w")
      [string]                  : redirect to file with open(string, File::RDONLY)
      [string, open_mode]       : redirect to file with open(string, open_mode, 0644)
      [string, open_mode, perm] : redirect to file with open(string, open_mode, perm)
      [:child, FD]              : redirect to the redirected file descriptor
      :close                    : close the file descriptor in child process
    FD is one of follows
      :in     : the file descriptor 0 which is the standard input
      :out    : the file descriptor 1 which is the standard output
      :err    : the file descriptor 2 which is the standard error
      integer : the file descriptor of specified the integer
      io      : the file descriptor specified as io.fileno
  file descriptor inheritance: close non-redirected non-standard fds (3, 4, 5, ...) or not
    :close_others => false : inherit fds (default for system and exec)
    :close_others => true  : dont inherit (default for spawn and IO.popen)

下面是我在OS X上的ruby脚本中使用的一个很酷的脚本(这样我就可以在切换离开窗口后启动脚本并获得更新):

cmd = %Q|osascript -e 'display notification "Server was reset" with title "Posted Update"'|
system ( cmd )