我相信提供一个uniq()和uniqInPlace()函数通过删除数组的值来改变数组是很好的。这类似于Swift提供的sort()和sortInPlace()函数。此外，由于它是一个数组，它应该保持它的原始元素顺序。

extension Array where Element: Equatable {

    public func uniq() -> [Element] {
        var arrayCopy = self
        arrayCopy.uniqInPlace()
        return arrayCopy
    }

    mutating public func uniqInPlace() {
        var seen = [Element]()
        var index = 0
        for element in self {
            if seen.contains(element) {
                removeAtIndex(index)
            } else {
                seen.append(element)
                index++
            }
        }
    }
}

你只能在变量数组(即var)上使用uniqInPlace()，因为你不能改变常量数组(即let)。

一些用法示例:

var numbers = [1, 6, 2, 2, 4, 1, 5]
numbers.uniqInPlace() // array is now [1, 6, 2, 4, 5]

let strings = ["Y", "Z", "A", "Y", "B", "Y", "Z"]
let uniqStrings = strings.uniq() // uniqStrings is now ["Y", "Z", "A", "B"]

这里我对对象做了O(n)解。不是少行解决方案，而是……

struct DistinctWrapper <T>: Hashable {
    var underlyingObject: T
    var distinctAttribute: String
    var hashValue: Int {
        return distinctAttribute.hashValue
    }
}
func distinct<S : SequenceType, T where S.Generator.Element == T>(source: S,
                                                                distinctAttribute: (T) -> String,
                                                                resolution: (T, T) -> T) -> [T] {
    let wrappers: [DistinctWrapper<T>] = source.map({
        return DistinctWrapper(underlyingObject: $0, distinctAttribute: distinctAttribute($0))
    })
    var added = Set<DistinctWrapper<T>>()
    for wrapper in wrappers {
        if let indexOfExisting = added.indexOf(wrapper) {
            let old = added[indexOfExisting]
            let winner = resolution(old.underlyingObject, wrapper.underlyingObject)
            added.insert(DistinctWrapper(underlyingObject: winner, distinctAttribute: distinctAttribute(winner)))
        } else {
            added.insert(wrapper)
        }
    }
    return Array(added).map( { return $0.underlyingObject } )
}
func == <T>(lhs: DistinctWrapper<T>, rhs: DistinctWrapper<T>) -> Bool {
    return lhs.hashValue == rhs.hashValue
}

// tests
// case : perhaps we want to get distinct addressbook list which may contain duplicated contacts like Irma and Irma Burgess with same phone numbers
// solution : definitely we want to exclude Irma and keep Irma Burgess
class Person {
    var name: String
    var phoneNumber: String
    init(_ name: String, _ phoneNumber: String) {
        self.name = name
        self.phoneNumber = phoneNumber
    }
}

let persons: [Person] = [Person("Irma Burgess", "11-22-33"), Person("Lester Davidson", "44-66-22"), Person("Irma", "11-22-33")]
let distinctPersons = distinct(persons,
    distinctAttribute: { (person: Person) -> String in
        return person.phoneNumber
    },
    resolution:
    { (p1, p2) -> Person in
        return p1.name.characters.count > p2.name.characters.count ? p1 : p2
    }
)
// distinctPersons contains ("Irma Burgess", "11-22-33") and ("Lester Davidson", "44-66-22")

斯威夫特2

用uniq函数回答:

func uniq<S: SequenceType, E: Hashable where E==S.Generator.Element>(source: S) -> [E] {
    var seen: [E:Bool] = [:]
    return source.filter({ (v) -> Bool in
        return seen.updateValue(true, forKey: v) == nil
    })
}

use:

var test = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,9,9,9,9,9]
print(uniq(test)) //1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

使用Set或NSOrderedSet删除重复项，然后转换回数组:

let uniqueUnordered = Array(Set(array))
let uniqueOrdered = Array(NSOrderedSet(array: array))

下面是SequenceType上的一个类别，它保留了数组的原始顺序，但使用Set来进行contains查找，以避免数组的contains(_:)方法上的O(n)代价。

public extension Sequence where Element: Hashable {

    /// Return the sequence with all duplicates removed.
    ///
    /// i.e. `[ 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 ].uniqued() == [ 1, 2, 3 ]`
    ///
    /// - note: Taken from stackoverflow.com/a/46354989/3141234, as 
    ///         per @Alexander's comment.
    func uniqued() -> [Element] {
        var seen = Set<Element>()
        return self.filter { seen.insert($0).inserted }
    }
}

如果你不是Hashable或Equatable，你可以传入一个谓词来进行相等性检查:

extension Sequence {

    /// Return the sequence with all duplicates removed.
    ///
    /// Duplicate, in this case, is defined as returning `true` from `comparator`.
    ///
    /// - note: Taken from stackoverflow.com/a/46354989/3141234
    func uniqued(comparator: @escaping (Element, Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> [Element] {
        var buffer: [Element] = []

        for element in self {
            // If element is already in buffer, skip to the next element
            if try buffer.contains(where: { try comparator(element, $0) }) {
                continue
            }

            buffer.append(element)
        }

        return buffer
    }
}

现在，如果你没有Hashable，但是是Equatable，你可以使用这个方法:

extension Sequence where Element: Equatable {

    /// Return the sequence with all duplicates removed.
    ///
    /// i.e. `[ 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 ].uniqued() == [ 1, 2, 3 ]`
    ///
    /// - note: Taken from stackoverflow.com/a/46354989/3141234
    func uniqued() -> [Element] {
        return self.uniqued(comparator: ==)
    }
}

最后，你可以添加一个unique的关键路径版本，如下所示:

extension Sequence {

    /// Returns the sequence with duplicate elements removed, performing the comparison using the property at
    /// the supplied keypath.
    ///
    /// i.e.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// [
    ///   MyStruct(value: "Hello"),
    ///   MyStruct(value: "Hello"),
    ///   MyStruct(value: "World")
    ///  ].uniqued(\.value)
    /// ```
    /// would result in
    ///
    /// ```
    /// [
    ///   MyStruct(value: "Hello"),
    ///   MyStruct(value: "World")
    /// ]
    /// ```
    ///
    /// - note: Taken from stackoverflow.com/a/46354989/3141234
    ///
    func uniqued<T: Equatable>(_ keyPath: KeyPath<Element, T>) -> [Element] {
        self.uniqued { $0[keyPath: keyPath] == $1[keyPath: keyPath] }
    }
}

你可以把这两个都放在你的应用程序中，Swift会根据你的序列的迭代器选择正确的一个。元素类型。

对于El Capitan，您可以扩展此方法以包括多个键盘，如下所示:

    /// Returns the sequence with duplicate elements removed, performing the comparison using the property at
    /// the supplied keypaths.
    ///
    /// i.e.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// [
    ///   MyStruct(value1: "Hello", value2: "Paula"),
    ///   MyStruct(value1: "Hello", value2: "Paula"),
    ///   MyStruct(value1: "Hello", value2: "Bean"),
    ///   MyStruct(value1: "World", value2: "Sigh")
    ///  ].uniqued(\.value1, \.value2)
    /// ```
    /// would result in
    ///
    /// ```
    /// [
    ///   MyStruct(value1: "Hello", value2: "Paula"),
    ///   MyStruct(value1: "Hello", value2: "Bean"),
    ///   MyStruct(value1: "World", value2: "Sigh")
    /// ]
    /// ```
    ///
    /// - note: Taken from stackoverflow.com/a/46354989/3141234
    ///
    func uniqued<T: Equatable, U: Equatable>(_ keyPath1: KeyPath<Element, T>, _ keyPath2: KeyPath<Element, U>) -> [Element] {
        self.uniqued {
            $0[keyPath: keyPath1] == $1[keyPath: keyPath1] && $0[keyPath: keyPath2] == $1[keyPath: keyPath2]
        }
    }

但是(恕我直言)你最好把你自己的block传递给self.unique。

如果你把两个扩展都放在你的代码中，更快的Hashable版本将在可能的情况下使用，Equatable版本将用作备用版本。

public extension Sequence where Element: Hashable {
  /// The elements of the sequence, with duplicates removed.
  /// - Note: Has equivalent elements to `Set(self)`.
  @available(
  swift, deprecated: 5.4,
  message: "Doesn't compile without the constant in Swift 5.3."
  )
  var firstUniqueElements: [Element] {
    let getSelf: (Element) -> Element = \.self
    return firstUniqueElements(getSelf)
  }
}

public extension Sequence where Element: Equatable {
  /// The elements of the sequence, with duplicates removed.
  /// - Note: Has equivalent elements to `Set(self)`.
  @available(
  swift, deprecated: 5.4,
  message: "Doesn't compile without the constant in Swift 5.3."
  )
  var firstUniqueElements: [Element] {
    let getSelf: (Element) -> Element = \.self
    return firstUniqueElements(getSelf)
  }
}

public extension Sequence {
  /// The elements of the sequences, with "duplicates" removed
  /// based on a closure.
  func firstUniqueElements<Hashable: Swift.Hashable>(
    _ getHashable: (Element) -> Hashable
  ) -> [Element] {
    var set: Set<Hashable> = []
    return filter { set.insert(getHashable($0)).inserted }
  }

  /// The elements of the sequence, with "duplicates" removed,
  /// based on a closure.
  func firstUniqueElements<Equatable: Swift.Equatable>(
    _ getEquatable: (Element) -> Equatable
  ) -> [Element] {
    reduce(into: []) { uniqueElements, element in
      if zip(
        uniqueElements.lazy.map(getEquatable),
        AnyIterator { [equatable = getEquatable(element)] in equatable }
      ).allSatisfy(!=) {
        uniqueElements.append(element)
      }
    }
  }
}

如果顺序不重要，那么你总是可以使用这个Set初始化式。