我可能有一个像下面这样的数组:

[1, 4, 2, 2, 6, 24, 15, 2, 60, 15, 6]

或者,实际上,任何类似类型的数据部分的序列。我要做的是确保每个相同的元素只有一个。例如,上面的数组将变成:

[1, 4, 2, 6, 24, 15, 60]

请注意,删除了2、6和15的重复项,以确保每个相同的元素中只有一个。Swift是否提供了一种容易做到这一点的方法,还是我必须自己做?


当前回答

为此,我做了一个尽可能简单的扩展。

extension Array where Element: Equatable {

    func containsHowMany(_ elem: Element) -> Int {
        return reduce(0) { $1 == elem ? $0 + 1 : $0 }
    }

    func duplicatesRemoved() -> Array {
        return self.filter { self.containsHowMany($0) == 1 }
    }

    mutating func removeDuplicates() {
        self = self.duplicatesRemoved(()
    }
}

您可以使用duplicatesRemoved()来获取一个新数组,它的重复元素将被删除,或者使用removeduplicate()来改变自身。看到的:

let arr = [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8]

let noDuplicates = arr.duplicatesRemoved()
print(arr) // [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8]
print(noDuplicates) // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

arr.removeDuplicates()
print(arr) // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

其他回答

对于元素既不是哈希也不是可比的数组(例如复杂对象,字典或结构),这个扩展提供了一种通用的方法来删除重复:

extension Array
{
   func filterDuplicate<T:Hashable>(_ keyValue:(Element)->T) -> [Element]
   {
      var uniqueKeys = Set<T>()
      return filter{uniqueKeys.insert(keyValue($0)).inserted}
   }

   func filterDuplicate<T>(_ keyValue:(Element)->T) -> [Element]
   { 
      return filterDuplicate{"\(keyValue($0))"}
   }
}

// example usage: (for a unique combination of attributes):

peopleArray = peopleArray.filterDuplicate{ ($0.name, $0.age, $0.sex) }

or...

peopleArray = peopleArray.filterDuplicate{ "\(($0.name, $0.age, $0.sex))" }

您不必为使值可哈希而烦恼,它允许您使用不同的字段组合来实现惟一性。

注:对于更健壮的方法,请参阅下面评论中Coeur提出的解决方案。

stackoverflow.com/a/55684308/1033581

Swift 4的替代方案

在Swift 4.2中,你可以更容易地使用hash类来构建散列。上面的扩展可以改变,以利用这一点:

extension Array
{
    func filterDuplicate(_ keyValue:((AnyHashable...)->AnyHashable,Element)->AnyHashable) -> [Element]
    {
        func makeHash(_ params:AnyHashable ...) -> AnyHashable
        { 
           var hash = Hasher()
           params.forEach{ hash.combine($0) }
           return hash.finalize()
        }  
        var uniqueKeys = Set<AnyHashable>()
        return filter{uniqueKeys.insert(keyValue(makeHash,$0)).inserted}     
    }
}

调用语法略有不同,因为闭包接收了一个额外的参数,其中包含一个函数,用于散列可变数量的值(这些值必须是单独可散列的)

peopleArray = peopleArray.filterDuplicate{ $0($1.name, $1.age, $1.sex) } 

它也可以使用单一唯一性值(使用$1而忽略$0)。

peopleArray = peopleArray.filterDuplicate{ $1.name } 

从数组中删除重复项的简单方法

extension Array where Element: Equatable {
mutating func removeDuplicates() {
    var result = [Element]()
    for value in self {
        if !result.contains(value) {
            result.append(value)
        }
    }
    self = result
}}

这里我对对象做了O(n)解。不是少行解决方案,而是……

struct DistinctWrapper <T>: Hashable {
    var underlyingObject: T
    var distinctAttribute: String
    var hashValue: Int {
        return distinctAttribute.hashValue
    }
}
func distinct<S : SequenceType, T where S.Generator.Element == T>(source: S,
                                                                distinctAttribute: (T) -> String,
                                                                resolution: (T, T) -> T) -> [T] {
    let wrappers: [DistinctWrapper<T>] = source.map({
        return DistinctWrapper(underlyingObject: $0, distinctAttribute: distinctAttribute($0))
    })
    var added = Set<DistinctWrapper<T>>()
    for wrapper in wrappers {
        if let indexOfExisting = added.indexOf(wrapper) {
            let old = added[indexOfExisting]
            let winner = resolution(old.underlyingObject, wrapper.underlyingObject)
            added.insert(DistinctWrapper(underlyingObject: winner, distinctAttribute: distinctAttribute(winner)))
        } else {
            added.insert(wrapper)
        }
    }
    return Array(added).map( { return $0.underlyingObject } )
}
func == <T>(lhs: DistinctWrapper<T>, rhs: DistinctWrapper<T>) -> Bool {
    return lhs.hashValue == rhs.hashValue
}

// tests
// case : perhaps we want to get distinct addressbook list which may contain duplicated contacts like Irma and Irma Burgess with same phone numbers
// solution : definitely we want to exclude Irma and keep Irma Burgess
class Person {
    var name: String
    var phoneNumber: String
    init(_ name: String, _ phoneNumber: String) {
        self.name = name
        self.phoneNumber = phoneNumber
    }
}

let persons: [Person] = [Person("Irma Burgess", "11-22-33"), Person("Lester Davidson", "44-66-22"), Person("Irma", "11-22-33")]
let distinctPersons = distinct(persons,
    distinctAttribute: { (person: Person) -> String in
        return person.phoneNumber
    },
    resolution:
    { (p1, p2) -> Person in
        return p1.name.characters.count > p2.name.characters.count ? p1 : p2
    }
)
// distinctPersons contains ("Irma Burgess", "11-22-33") and ("Lester Davidson", "44-66-22")

斯威夫特2

用uniq函数回答:

func uniq<S: SequenceType, E: Hashable where E==S.Generator.Element>(source: S) -> [E] {
    var seen: [E:Bool] = [:]
    return source.filter({ (v) -> Bool in
        return seen.updateValue(true, forKey: v) == nil
    })
}

use:

var test = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,9,9,9,9,9]
print(uniq(test)) //1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

我认为这是更好的理解逻辑的方法

var arrayOfInts = [2, 2, 4, 4]
var mainArray = [Int]()

for value in arrayOfInts {

if mainArray.contains(value) != true  {
    
    mainArray.append(value)
    print("mainArray:\(mainArray)")
}}