以下是我的解决方案:

构建一个首选项类型“getter”方法。

protected String getPreference(Preference x) {
    // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3993982/how-to-check-type-of-variable-in-java
    if (x instanceof CheckBoxPreference)
        return "CheckBoxPreference";
    else if (x instanceof EditTextPreference)
        return "EditTextPreference";
    else if (x instanceof ListPreference)
        return "ListPreference";
    else if (x instanceof MultiSelectListPreference)
        return "MultiSelectListPreference";
    else if (x instanceof RingtonePreference)
        return "RingtonePreference";
    else if (x instanceof SwitchPreference)
        return "SwitchPreference";
    else if (x instanceof TwoStatePreference)
        return "TwoStatePreference";
    else if (x instanceof DialogPreference) // Needs to be after ListPreference
        return "DialogPreference";
    else
        return "undefined";
}

构建一个'setSummaryInit'方法。

public void onSharedPreferenceChanged(SharedPreferences prefs, String key) {
        Log.i(TAG, "+ onSharedPreferenceChanged(prefs:" + prefs + ", key:" + key + ")");
        if( key != null ) {
            updatePreference(prefs, key);
            setSummary(key);
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG, "Preference without key!");
        }
        Log.i(TAG, "- onSharedPreferenceChanged()");
    }

    protected boolean setSummary() {
        return _setSummary(null);
    }
    
    protected boolean setSummary(String sKey) {
        return _setSummary(sKey);
    }
    
    private boolean _setSummary(String sKey) {
        if (sKey == null) Log.i(TAG, "Initializing");
        else Log.i(TAG, sKey);
        
        // Get Preferences
        SharedPreferences sharedPrefs = PreferenceManager
                .getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);

        // Iterate through all Shared Preferences
        // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9310479/how-to-iterate-through-all-keys-of-shared-preferences
        Map<String, ?> keys = sharedPrefs.getAll();
        for (Map.Entry<String, ?> entry : keys.entrySet()) {
            String key = entry.getKey();
            // Do work only if initializing (null) or updating specific preference key
            if ( (sKey == null) || (sKey.equals(key)) ) {
                String value = entry.getValue().toString();
                Preference pref = findPreference(key);
                String preference = getPreference(pref);
                Log.d("map values", key + " | " + value + " | " + preference);
                pref.setSummary(key + " | " + value + " | " + preference);
                if (sKey != null) return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    private void updatePreference(SharedPreferences prefs, String key) {
        Log.i(TAG, "+ updatePreference(prefs:" + prefs + ", key:" + key + ")");
        Preference pref = findPreference(key);
        String preferenceType = getPreference(pref);
        Log.i(TAG, "preferenceType = " + preferenceType);
        Log.i(TAG, "- updatePreference()");
    }

初始化

创建一个公共类PreferenceActivity并实现OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    PreferenceManager.setDefaultValues(this, R.xml.global_preferences,
    false);
    this.addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.global_preferences);
    this.getPreferenceScreen().getSharedPreferences()
        .registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
}

protected void onResume() {
    super.onResume();
    setSummary();
}

您可以覆盖默认的Preference类并实现该特性。

public class MyListPreference extends ListPreference  {
    public MyListPreference(Context context) { super(context); }
    public MyListPreference(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); }
    @Override
    public void setValue(String value) {
        super.setValue(value);
        setSummary(getEntry());
    }
}

稍后在xml中，您可以使用自定义首选项，如

<your.package.name.MyListPreference 
    android:key="noteInterval"
    android:defaultValue="60"
    android:title="Notification Interval"
    android:entries="@array/noteInterval"
    android:entryValues="@array/noteIntervalValues"
    />

要将ListPreference的摘要设置为对话框中选择的值，您可以使用以下代码:

package yourpackage;

import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;

public class ListPreference extends android.preference.ListPreference {

    public ListPreference(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    protected void onDialogClosed(boolean positiveResult) {
        super.onDialogClosed(positiveResult);
        if (positiveResult) setSummary(getEntry());
    }

    protected void onSetInitialValue(boolean restoreValue, Object defaultValue) {
        super.onSetInitialValue(restoreValue, defaultValue);
        setSummary(getEntry());
    }
}

参考你的包。记住在你的preferences.xml中指定你的android:defaultValue作为触发onSetInitialValue()的调用。

如果您愿意，可以在调用setSummary()之前修改文本，以适合您的应用程序。

下面是一个基于@tdeveaux答案的PreferenceFragment内所有EditTextPreferences的工作解决方案:

public class SettingsFragment extends PreferenceFragment implements SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener {
    private static final String TAG = "SettingsFragment";

    @Override
    public void onCreate (Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences);
        getPreferenceScreen().getSharedPreferences().registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume () {
        super.onResume();

        for (int i = 0; i < getPreferenceScreen().getPreferenceCount(); ++i) {
            Preference preference = getPreferenceScreen().getPreference(i);
            updatePreference(preference);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onSharedPreferenceChanged (SharedPreferences sharedPreferences, String key) {
        updatePreference(findPreference(key));
    }

    private void updatePreference (Preference preference) {
        if (preference instanceof EditTextPreference) {
            EditTextPreference editTextPreference = (EditTextPreference)preference;
            editTextPreference.setSummary(editTextPreference.getText());
        }
    }
}

FYI:

findPreference(CharSequence key)
This method was deprecated in API level 11. This function is not relevant
for a modern fragment-based PreferenceActivity.

更有理由看看上面@ASD的非常圆滑的答案(来源在这里找到)，它说在android:summary中对preferences.xml中的每个字段使用%s。(首选项的当前值替换为%s。)

<ListPreference
 ...        
 android:summary="Length of longest word to return as match is %s"
 ...
 />

如果适合您的需求，有一些方法可以使其成为更通用的解决方案。

例如，如果你想让所有的列表首选项显示为摘要，你可以为你的onSharedPreferenceChanged实现:

public void onSharedPreferenceChanged(SharedPreferences sharedPreferences, String key) {
    Preference pref = findPreference(key);

    if (pref instanceof ListPreference) {
        ListPreference listPref = (ListPreference) pref;
        pref.setSummary(listPref.getEntry());
    }
}

这很容易扩展到其他首选项类。

通过使用PreferenceScreen和PreferenceCategory中的getPreferenceCount和getPreference功能，您可以轻松地编写一个泛型函数来遍历首选项树，设置所需类型的所有首选项的摘要到它们的toString表示