如果不存在，请插入SQL Server

我想向表中插入数据，但只插入数据库中不存在的数据。

这是我的代码:

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[EmailsRecebidosInsert]
  (@_DE nvarchar(50),
   @_ASSUNTO nvarchar(50),
   @_DATA nvarchar(30) )
AS
BEGIN
   INSERT INTO EmailsRecebidos (De, Assunto, Data)
   VALUES (@_DE, @_ASSUNTO, @_DATA)
   WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM EmailsRecebidos 
                   WHERE De = @_DE
                   AND Assunto = @_ASSUNTO
                   AND Data = @_DATA);
END

错误是:

Msg 156，级别15，状态1，程序EmailsRecebidosInsert，第11行关键字WHERE附近的语法不正确。

当前回答

而不是以下代码

BEGIN
   INSERT INTO EmailsRecebidos (De, Assunto, Data)
   VALUES (@_DE, @_ASSUNTO, @_DATA)
   WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM EmailsRecebidos 
                   WHERE De = @_DE
                   AND Assunto = @_ASSUNTO
                   AND Data = @_DATA);
END

替换为

BEGIN
   IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM EmailsRecebidos 
                   WHERE De = @_DE
                   AND Assunto = @_ASSUNTO
                   AND Data = @_DATA)
   BEGIN
       INSERT INTO EmailsRecebidos (De, Assunto, Data)
       VALUES (@_DE, @_ASSUNTO, @_DATA)
   END
END

更新:(感谢@Marc Durdin指出)

请注意，在高负载下，这有时仍然会失败，因为第二个连接可以在第一个连接执行INSERT之前通过IF NOT EXISTS测试，即竞争条件。关于为什么即使在事务中包装也不能解决这个问题，请参阅stackoverflow.com/a/3791506/1836776。

2014-01-07 12:35:05

其他回答

INSERT命令没有WHERE子句——你必须这样写:

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[EmailsRecebidosInsert]
  (@_DE nvarchar(50),
   @_ASSUNTO nvarchar(50),
   @_DATA nvarchar(30) )
AS
BEGIN
   IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM EmailsRecebidos 
                   WHERE De = @_DE
                   AND Assunto = @_ASSUNTO
                   AND Data = @_DATA)
   BEGIN
       INSERT INTO EmailsRecebidos (De, Assunto, Data)
       VALUES (@_DE, @_ASSUNTO, @_DATA)
   END
END

2014-01-07 12:33:19

而不是以下代码

BEGIN
   INSERT INTO EmailsRecebidos (De, Assunto, Data)
   VALUES (@_DE, @_ASSUNTO, @_DATA)
   WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM EmailsRecebidos 
                   WHERE De = @_DE
                   AND Assunto = @_ASSUNTO
                   AND Data = @_DATA);
END

替换为

BEGIN
   IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM EmailsRecebidos 
                   WHERE De = @_DE
                   AND Assunto = @_ASSUNTO
                   AND Data = @_DATA)
   BEGIN
       INSERT INTO EmailsRecebidos (De, Assunto, Data)
       VALUES (@_DE, @_ASSUNTO, @_DATA)
   END
END

更新:(感谢@Marc Durdin指出)

2014-01-07 12:35:05

我会使用合并:

create PROCEDURE [dbo].[EmailsRecebidosInsert]
  (@_DE nvarchar(50),
   @_ASSUNTO nvarchar(50),
   @_DATA nvarchar(30) )
AS
BEGIN
   with data as (select @_DE as de, @_ASSUNTO as assunto, @_DATA as data)
   merge EmailsRecebidos t
   using data s
      on s.de = t.de
     and s.assunte = t.assunto
     and s.data = t.data
    when not matched by target
    then insert (de, assunto, data) values (s.de, s.assunto, s.data);
END

2014-01-07 12:46:17

只需将代码更改为使用SELECT而不是VALUES

   INSERT INTO EmailsRecebidos (De, Assunto, Data)
   SELECT @_DE, @_ASSUNTO, @_DATA
   WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM EmailsRecebidos 
                   WHERE De = @_DE
                   AND Assunto = @_ASSUNTO
                   AND Data = @_DATA);

2021-09-23 03:10:36

不同的SQL，相同的原理。仅当where not exists中的子句失败时才插入

INSERT INTO FX_USDJPY
            (PriceDate, 
            PriceOpen, 
            PriceLow, 
            PriceHigh, 
            PriceClose, 
            TradingVolume, 
            TimeFrame)
    SELECT '2014-12-26 22:00',
           120.369000000000,
           118.864000000000,
           120.742000000000,
           120.494000000000,
           86513,
           'W'
    WHERE NOT EXISTS
        (SELECT 1
         FROM FX_USDJPY
         WHERE PriceDate = '2014-12-26 22:00'
           AND TimeFrame = 'W')

2020-04-26 19:27:26

如果不存在，请插入SQL Server

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