INSERT命令没有WHERE子句——你必须这样写:

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[EmailsRecebidosInsert]
  (@_DE nvarchar(50),
   @_ASSUNTO nvarchar(50),
   @_DATA nvarchar(30) )
AS
BEGIN
   IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM EmailsRecebidos 
                   WHERE De = @_DE
                   AND Assunto = @_ASSUNTO
                   AND Data = @_DATA)
   BEGIN
       INSERT INTO EmailsRecebidos (De, Assunto, Data)
       VALUES (@_DE, @_ASSUNTO, @_DATA)
   END
END

而不是以下代码

BEGIN
   INSERT INTO EmailsRecebidos (De, Assunto, Data)
   VALUES (@_DE, @_ASSUNTO, @_DATA)
   WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM EmailsRecebidos 
                   WHERE De = @_DE
                   AND Assunto = @_ASSUNTO
                   AND Data = @_DATA);
END

替换为

BEGIN
   IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM EmailsRecebidos 
                   WHERE De = @_DE
                   AND Assunto = @_ASSUNTO
                   AND Data = @_DATA)
   BEGIN
       INSERT INTO EmailsRecebidos (De, Assunto, Data)
       VALUES (@_DE, @_ASSUNTO, @_DATA)
   END
END

更新:(感谢@Marc Durdin指出)

请注意，在高负载下，这有时仍然会失败，因为第二个连接可以在第一个连接执行INSERT之前通过IF NOT EXISTS测试，即竞争条件。关于为什么即使在事务中包装也不能解决这个问题，请参阅stackoverflow.com/a/3791506/1836776。

我会使用合并:

create PROCEDURE [dbo].[EmailsRecebidosInsert]
  (@_DE nvarchar(50),
   @_ASSUNTO nvarchar(50),
   @_DATA nvarchar(30) )
AS
BEGIN
   with data as (select @_DE as de, @_ASSUNTO as assunto, @_DATA as data)
   merge EmailsRecebidos t
   using data s
      on s.de = t.de
     and s.assunte = t.assunto
     and s.data = t.data
    when not matched by target
    then insert (de, assunto, data) values (s.de, s.assunto, s.data);
END

根据你的SQL Server版本(2012?)，除了IF EXISTS，你还可以像这样使用MERGE:

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[EmailsRecebidosInsert]
    ( @_DE nvarchar(50)
    , @_ASSUNTO nvarchar(50)
    , @_DATA nvarchar(30))
AS BEGIN
    MERGE [dbo].[EmailsRecebidos] [Target]
    USING (VALUES (@_DE, @_ASSUNTO, @_DATA)) [Source]([De], [Assunto], [Data])
         ON [Target].[De] = [Source].[De] AND [Target].[Assunto] = [Source].[Assunto] AND [Target].[Data] = [Source].[Data]
     WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
        INSERT ([De], [Assunto], [Data])
        VALUES ([Source].[De], [Source].[Assunto], [Source].[Data]);
END

试试下面的代码

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[EmailsRecebidosInsert]
  (@_DE nvarchar(50),
   @_ASSUNTO nvarchar(50),
   @_DATA nvarchar(30) )
AS
BEGIN
   INSERT INTO EmailsRecebidos (De, Assunto, Data)
   select @_DE, @_ASSUNTO, @_DATA
   EXCEPT
   SELECT De, Assunto, Data from EmailsRecebidos
END

对于那些寻找最快方法的人来说，我最近看到了这些基准测试，显然使用了“INSERT SELECT…”除了SELECT…”，它是5000万条记录中最快的。

下面是本文中的一些示例代码(第三块代码是最快的):

INSERT INTO #table1 (Id, guidd, TimeAdded, ExtraData)
SELECT Id, guidd, TimeAdded, ExtraData
FROM #table2
WHERE NOT EXISTS (Select Id, guidd From #table1 WHERE #table1.id = #table2.id)
-----------------------------------
MERGE #table1 as [Target]
USING  (select Id, guidd, TimeAdded, ExtraData from #table2) as [Source]
(id, guidd, TimeAdded, ExtraData)
    on [Target].id =[Source].id
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
    INSERT (id, guidd, TimeAdded, ExtraData)
    VALUES ([Source].id, [Source].guidd, [Source].TimeAdded, [Source].ExtraData);
------------------------------
INSERT INTO #table1 (id, guidd, TimeAdded, ExtraData)
SELECT id, guidd, TimeAdded, ExtraData from #table2
EXCEPT
SELECT id, guidd, TimeAdded, ExtraData from #table1
------------------------------
INSERT INTO #table1 (id, guidd, TimeAdded, ExtraData)
SELECT #table2.id, #table2.guidd, #table2.TimeAdded, #table2.ExtraData
FROM #table2
LEFT JOIN #table1 on #table1.id = #table2.id
WHERE #table1.id is null

我用SQL Server 2012做了同样的事情，它工作

Insert into #table1 With (ROWLOCK) (Id, studentId, name)
SELECT '18769', '2', 'Alex'
WHERE not exists (select * from #table1 where Id = '18769' and studentId = '2')

您可以使用GO命令。这将在错误发生后重新启动SQL语句的执行。在我的情况下，我有一些1000 INSERT语句，其中一些记录已经存在于数据库中，我只是不知道是哪一个。 我发现在处理了几个100之后，执行就会停止，并出现一个错误消息，它不能插入，因为记录已经存在。很烦人，但按GO键解决了这个问题。这可能不是最快的解决方案，但速度不是我的问题。

GO
INSERT INTO mytable (C1,C2,C3) VALUES(1,2,3)
GO
INSERT INTO mytable (C1,C2,C3) VALUES(4,5,6)
 etc ...

如下面的代码所解释:执行以下查询并自行验证。

CREATE TABLE `table_name` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `address` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `tele` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

插入一个记录:

INSERT INTO table_name (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'Nazir', 'Kolkata', '033') AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_name WHERE name = 'Nazir'
) LIMIT 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

SELECT * FROM `table_name`;

+----+--------+-----------+------+
| id | name   | address   | tele |
+----+--------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Nazir  | Kolkata   | 033  |
+----+--------+-----------+------+

现在，尝试再次插入相同的记录:

INSERT INTO table_name (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'Nazir', 'Kolkata', '033') AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_name WHERE name = 'Nazir'
) LIMIT 1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

+----+--------+-----------+------+
| id | name   | address   | tele |
+----+--------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Nazir  | Kolkata   | 033  |
+----+--------+-----------+------+

插入一条不同的记录:

INSERT INTO table_name (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'Santosh', 'Kestopur', '044') AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_name WHERE name = 'Santosh'
) LIMIT 1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

SELECT * FROM `table_name`;

+----+--------+-----------+------+
| id | name   | address   | tele |
+----+--------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Nazir  | Kolkata   | 033  |
|  2 | Santosh| Kestopur  | 044  |
+----+--------+-----------+------+

不同的SQL，相同的原理。仅当where not exists中的子句失败时才插入

INSERT INTO FX_USDJPY
            (PriceDate, 
            PriceOpen, 
            PriceLow, 
            PriceHigh, 
            PriceClose, 
            TradingVolume, 
            TimeFrame)
    SELECT '2014-12-26 22:00',
           120.369000000000,
           118.864000000000,
           120.742000000000,
           120.494000000000,
           86513,
           'W'
    WHERE NOT EXISTS
        (SELECT 1
         FROM FX_USDJPY
         WHERE PriceDate = '2014-12-26 22:00'
           AND TimeFrame = 'W')

如果你的聚集索引只包含这些字段，那么简单、快速和可靠的选择是使用IGNORE_DUP_KEY

如果您使用IGNORE_DUP_KEY ON创建群集索引

然后你可以使用:

INSERT INTO EmailsRecebidos (De, Assunto, Data) VALUES (@_DE, @_ASSUNTO, @_DATA)

这在任何情况下都是安全的!

只需将代码更改为使用SELECT而不是VALUES

   INSERT INTO EmailsRecebidos (De, Assunto, Data)
   SELECT @_DE, @_ASSUNTO, @_DATA
   WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM EmailsRecebidos 
                   WHERE De = @_DE
                   AND Assunto = @_ASSUNTO
                   AND Data = @_DATA);

如果你想检查一个键是否存在，你可以使用:

INSERT INTO tableName (...) VALUES (...) 
ON DUPLICATE KEY 
UPDATE ...

使用这个，如果已经有一个特定键的条目，那么它将更新，否则，它将插入。