适用于API 9以下的Android

(String.format("%d hr %d min, %d sec", millis/(1000*60*60), (millis%(1000*60*60))/(1000*60), ((millis%(1000*60*60))%(1000*60))/1000)) 

对于那些寻找Kotlin代码的人:

fun converter(millis: Long): String =
        String.format(
            "%02d : %02d : %02d",
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toHours(millis),
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(millis) - TimeUnit.HOURS.toMinutes(
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toHours(millis)
            ),
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(millis) - TimeUnit.MINUTES.toSeconds(
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(millis)
            )
        )

示例输出:09:10:26

对于正确的字符串(“1小时，3秒”，“3分钟”，而不是“0小时，0分钟，3秒”)，我写这样的代码:

int seconds = (int)(millis / 1000) % 60 ;
int minutes = (int)((millis / (1000*60)) % 60);
int hours = (int)((millis / (1000*60*60)) % 24);
int days = (int)((millis / (1000*60*60*24)) % 365);
int years = (int)(millis / 1000*60*60*24*365);

ArrayList<String> timeArray = new ArrayList<String>();

if(years > 0)   
    timeArray.add(String.valueOf(years)   + "y");

if(days > 0)    
    timeArray.add(String.valueOf(days) + "d");

if(hours>0)   
    timeArray.add(String.valueOf(hours) + "h");

if(minutes>0) 
    timeArray.add(String.valueOf(minutes) + "min");

if(seconds>0) 
    timeArray.add(String.valueOf(seconds) + "sec");

String time = "";
for (int i = 0; i < timeArray.size(); i++) 
{
    time = time + timeArray.get(i);
    if (i != timeArray.size() - 1)
        time = time + ", ";
}

if (time == "")
  time = "0 sec";

    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    // do your work...
    long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
    long diff=endTime-startTime;       
    long hours=TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toHours(diff);
    diff=diff-(hours*60*60*1000);
    long min=TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(diff);
    diff=diff-(min*60*1000);
    long seconds=TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(diff);
    //hour, min and seconds variables contains the time elapsed on your work

手工划分，或者使用SimpleDateFormat API。

long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
// do your work...
long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("HH 'hours', mm 'mins,' ss 'seconds'");
df.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+0"));
System.out.println(df.format(new Date(elapsed)));

Edit by Bombe:评论中显示，这种方法只适用于较短的持续时间(即少于一天)。

如果你知道时间差将小于一个小时，那么你可以使用以下代码:

    Calendar c1 = Calendar.getInstance();
    Calendar c2 = Calendar.getInstance();

    c2.add(Calendar.MINUTE, 51);

    long diff = c2.getTimeInMillis() - c1.getTimeInMillis();

    c2.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
    c2.set(Calendar.HOUR, 0);
    c2.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);

    DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss");
    long diff1 = c2.getTimeInMillis() + diff;
    System.out.println(df.format(new Date(diff1)));

结果是:51:00