long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    // do your work...
    long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
    long diff=endTime-startTime;       
    long hours=TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toHours(diff);
    diff=diff-(hours*60*60*1000);
    long min=TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(diff);
    diff=diff-(min*60*1000);
    long seconds=TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(diff);
    //hour, min and seconds variables contains the time elapsed on your work

嗯……一秒是多少毫秒?一分钟后呢?除法没那么难。

int seconds = (int) ((milliseconds / 1000) % 60);
int minutes = (int) ((milliseconds / 1000) / 60);

这样持续几小时、几天、几周、几个月、一年、几十年，等等。

我修改了@MyKuLLSKI的回答，增加了多元化支持。我去掉了几秒，因为我不需要它们，如果你需要的话，可以重新添加。

public static String intervalToHumanReadableTime(int intervalMins) {

    if(intervalMins <= 0) {
        return "0";
    } else {

        long intervalMs = intervalMins * 60 * 1000;

        long days = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toDays(intervalMs);
        intervalMs -= TimeUnit.DAYS.toMillis(days);
        long hours = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toHours(intervalMs);
        intervalMs -= TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(hours);
        long minutes = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(intervalMs);

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(12);

        if (days >= 1) {
            sb.append(days).append(" day").append(pluralize(days)).append(", ");
        }

        if (hours >= 1) {
            sb.append(hours).append(" hour").append(pluralize(hours)).append(", ");
        }

        if (minutes >= 1) {
            sb.append(minutes).append(" minute").append(pluralize(minutes));
        } else {
            sb.delete(sb.length()-2, sb.length()-1);
        }

        return(sb.toString());          

    }

}

public static String pluralize(long val) {
    return (Math.round(val) > 1 ? "s" : "");
}

    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    // do your work...
    long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
    long diff=endTime-startTime;       
    long hours=TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toHours(diff);
    diff=diff-(hours*60*60*1000);
    long min=TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(diff);
    diff=diff-(min*60*1000);
    long seconds=TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(diff);
    //hour, min and seconds variables contains the time elapsed on your work

手工划分，或者使用SimpleDateFormat API。

long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
// do your work...
long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("HH 'hours', mm 'mins,' ss 'seconds'");
df.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+0"));
System.out.println(df.format(new Date(elapsed)));

Edit by Bombe:评论中显示，这种方法只适用于较短的持续时间(即少于一天)。

有个问题。当毫秒为59999时，实际上是1分钟，但它将被计算为59秒，损失了999毫秒。

以下是根据之前的答案修改后的版本，可以解决这个损失:

public static String formatTime(long millis) {
    long seconds = Math.round((double) millis / 1000);
    long hours = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toHours(seconds);
    if (hours > 0)
        seconds -= TimeUnit.HOURS.toSeconds(hours);
    long minutes = seconds > 0 ? TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMinutes(seconds) : 0;
    if (minutes > 0)
        seconds -= TimeUnit.MINUTES.toSeconds(minutes);
    return hours > 0 ? String.format("%02d:%02d:%02d", hours, minutes, seconds) : String.format("%02d:%02d", minutes, seconds);
}