我在iBooks上读了苹果的编程语言Swift，但不知道如何在Swift中发出HTTP请求(类似cURL)。我需要导入Obj-C类还是只需要导入默认库?或者不能基于原生Swift代码进行HTTP请求?
当前回答
我已经完成了HTTP请求两种方法GET和POST与JSON解析的方式:
在viewDidLoad ():
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
makeGetRequest()
makePostRequest()
}
func makePostRequest(){
let urlPath: String = "http://www.swiftdeveloperblog.com/http-post-example-script/"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request.HTTPMethod = "POST"
var stringPost="firstName=James&lastName=Bond" // Key and Value
let data = stringPost.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
request.timeoutInterval = 60
request.HTTPBody=data
request.HTTPShouldHandleCookies=false
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: NSOperationQueue(), completionHandler:{ (response:NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void in
var error: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSError?> = nil
let jsonResult: NSDictionary! = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options:NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: error) as? NSDictionary
if (jsonResult != nil) {
// Success
println(jsonResult)
let message = jsonResult["Message"] as! NSString
println(message)
}else {
// Failed
println("Failed")
}
})
}
func makeGetRequest(){
var url : String = "http://api.androidhive.info/contacts/"
var request : NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest()
request.URL = NSURL(string: url)
request.HTTPMethod = "GET"
request.timeoutInterval = 60
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: NSOperationQueue(), completionHandler:{ (response:NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void in
var error: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSError?> = nil
let jsonResult: NSDictionary! = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options:NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: error) as? NSDictionary
if (jsonResult != nil) {
// Success
println(jsonResult)
let dataArray = jsonResult["contacts"] as! NSArray;
for item in dataArray { // loop through data items
let obj = item as! NSDictionary
for (key, value) in obj {
println("Key: \(key) - Value: \(value)")
let phone = obj["phone"] as! NSDictionary;
let mobile = phone["mobile"] as! NSString
println(mobile)
let home = phone["home"] as! NSString
println(home)
let office = phone["office"] as! NSString
println(office)
}
}
} else {
// Failed
println("Failed")
}
})
}
Done
其他回答
检查以下代码:
1. SynchonousRequest
斯威夫特1.2
let urlPath: String = "YOUR_URL_HERE"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request1: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)
var response: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSURLResponse?>=nil
var dataVal: NSData = NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(request1, returningResponse: response, error:nil)!
var err: NSError
println(response)
var jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(dataVal, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: &err) as? NSDictionary
println("Synchronous\(jsonResult)")
快速2.0 +
let urlPath: String = "YOUR_URL_HERE"
let url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
let request1: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)
let response: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSURLResponse?>=nil
do{
let dataVal = try NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(request1, returningResponse: response)
print(response)
do {
if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(dataVal, options: []) as? NSDictionary {
print("Synchronous\(jsonResult)")
}
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
}catch let error as NSError
{
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
2. AsynchonousRequest
斯威夫特1.2
let urlPath: String = "YOUR_URL_HERE"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request1: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void in
var err: NSError
var jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: nil) as NSDictionary
println("Asynchronous\(jsonResult)")
})
快速2.0 +
let urlPath: String = "YOUR_URL_HERE"
let url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
let request1: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse?, data: NSData?, error: NSError?) -> Void in
do {
if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data!, options: []) as? NSDictionary {
print("ASynchronous\(jsonResult)")
}
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
})
3.和往常一样，URL连接
斯威夫特1.2
var dataVal = NSMutableData()
let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)
var connection: NSURLConnection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self, startImmediately: true)!
connection.start()
Then
func connection(connection: NSURLConnection!, didReceiveData data: NSData!){
self.dataVal?.appendData(data)
}
func connectionDidFinishLoading(connection: NSURLConnection!)
{
var error: NSErrorPointer=nil
var jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(dataVal!, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: error) as NSDictionary
println(jsonResult)
}
快速2.0 +
var dataVal = NSMutableData()
let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)
var connection: NSURLConnection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self, startImmediately: true)!
connection.start()
Then
func connection(connection: NSURLConnection!, didReceiveData data: NSData!){
dataVal.appendData(data)
}
func connectionDidFinishLoading(connection: NSURLConnection!)
{
do {
if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(dataVal, options: []) as? NSDictionary {
print(jsonResult)
}
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
}
4. 异步POST请求
斯威夫特1.2
let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request1: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request1.HTTPMethod = "POST"
var stringPost="deviceToken=123456" // Key and Value
let data = stringPost.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
request1.timeoutInterval = 60
request1.HTTPBody=data
request1.HTTPShouldHandleCookies=false
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void in
var err: NSError
var jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: nil) as NSDictionary
println("AsSynchronous\(jsonResult)")
})
快速2.0 +
let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"
let url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
let request1: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request1.HTTPMethod = "POST"
let stringPost="deviceToken=123456" // Key and Value
let data = stringPost.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
request1.timeoutInterval = 60
request1.HTTPBody=data
request1.HTTPShouldHandleCookies=false
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse?, data: NSData?, error: NSError?) -> Void in
do {
if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data!, options: []) as? NSDictionary {
print("ASynchronous\(jsonResult)")
}
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
})
5. 异步GET请求
斯威夫特1.2
let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request1: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request1.HTTPMethod = "GET"
request1.timeoutInterval = 60
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void in
var err: NSError
var jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: nil) as NSDictionary
println("AsSynchronous\(jsonResult)")
})
快速2.0 +
let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"
let url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
let request1: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request1.HTTPMethod = "GET"
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse?, data: NSData?, error: NSError?) -> Void in
do {
if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data!, options: []) as? NSDictionary {
print("ASynchronous\(jsonResult)")
}
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
})
6. 上传图片(文件)
快速2.0 +
let mainURL = "YOUR_URL_HERE"
let url = NSURL(string: mainURL)
let request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url!)
let boundary = "78876565564454554547676"
request.addValue("multipart/form-data; boundary=\(boundary)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
request.HTTPMethod = "POST" // POST OR PUT What you want
let session = NSURLSession(configuration:NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration(), delegate: nil, delegateQueue: nil)
let imageData = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(UIImage(named: "Test.jpeg")!, 1)
var body = NSMutableData()
body.appendData("--\(boundary)\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
// Append your parameters
body.appendData("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"name\"\r\n\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
body.appendData("PREMKUMAR\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding, allowLossyConversion: true)!)
body.appendData("--\(boundary)\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
body.appendData("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"description\"\r\n\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
body.appendData("IOS_DEVELOPER\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding, allowLossyConversion: true)!)
body.appendData("--\(boundary)\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
// Append your Image/File Data
var imageNameval = "HELLO.jpg"
body.appendData("--\(boundary)\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
body.appendData("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"profile_photo\"; filename=\"\(imageNameval)\"\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
body.appendData("Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
body.appendData(imageData!)
body.appendData("\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
body.appendData("--\(boundary)--\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
request.HTTPBody = body
let dataTask = session.dataTaskWithRequest(request) { (data, response, error) -> Void in
if error != nil {
//handle error
}
else {
let outputString : NSString = NSString(data:data!, encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding)!
print("Response:\(outputString)")
}
}
dataTask.resume()
细节
Xcode 9.2, Swift 4 Xcode 10.2.1 (10E1001)
Info.plist
NSApp传输安全
添加到info plist:
<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
<dict>
<key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
<true/>
</dict>
Alamofire样本
Alamofire
import Alamofire
class AlamofireDataManager {
fileprivate let queue: DispatchQueue
init(queue: DispatchQueue) { self.queue = queue }
private func createError(message: String, code: Int) -> Error {
return NSError(domain: "dataManager", code: code, userInfo: ["message": message ])
}
private func make(session: URLSession = URLSession.shared, request: URLRequest, closure: ((Result<[String: Any]>) -> Void)?) {
Alamofire.request(request).responseJSON { response in
let complete: (Result<[String: Any]>) ->() = { result in DispatchQueue.main.async { closure?(result) } }
switch response.result {
case .success(let value): complete(.success(value as! [String: Any]))
case .failure(let error): complete(.failure(error))
}
}
}
func searchRequest(term: String, closure: ((Result<[String: Any]>) -> Void)?) {
guard let url = URL(string: "https://itunes.apple.com/search?term=\(term.replacingOccurrences(of: " ", with: "+"))") else { return }
let request = URLRequest(url: url)
make(request: request) { response in closure?(response) }
}
}
Alamofire样品的使用
private lazy var alamofireDataManager = AlamofireDataManager(queue: DispatchQueue(label: "DataManager.queue", qos: .utility))
//.........
alamofireDataManager.searchRequest(term: "jack johnson") { result in
print(result.value ?? "no data")
print(result.error ?? "no error")
}
URLSession样本
import Foundation
class DataManager {
fileprivate let queue: DispatchQueue
init(queue: DispatchQueue) { self.queue = queue }
private func createError(message: String, code: Int) -> Error {
return NSError(domain: "dataManager", code: code, userInfo: ["message": message ])
}
private func make(session: URLSession = URLSession.shared, request: URLRequest, closure: ((_ json: [String: Any]?, _ error: Error?)->Void)?) {
let task = session.dataTask(with: request) { [weak self] data, response, error in
self?.queue.async {
let complete: (_ json: [String: Any]?, _ error: Error?) ->() = { json, error in DispatchQueue.main.async { closure?(json, error) } }
guard let self = self, error == nil else { complete(nil, error); return }
guard let data = data else { complete(nil, self.createError(message: "No data", code: 999)); return }
do {
if let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: .mutableContainers) as? [String: Any] {
complete(json, nil)
}
} catch let error { complete(nil, error); return }
}
}
task.resume()
}
func searchRequest(term: String, closure: ((_ json: [String: Any]?, _ error: Error?)->Void)?) {
let url = URL(string: "https://itunes.apple.com/search?term=\(term.replacingOccurrences(of: " ", with: "+"))")
let request = URLRequest(url: url!)
make(request: request) { json, error in closure?(json, error) }
}
}
URLSession示例的使用
private lazy var dataManager = DataManager(queue: DispatchQueue(label: "DataManager.queue", qos: .utility))
// .......
dataManager.searchRequest(term: "jack johnson") { json, error in
print(error ?? "nil")
print(json ?? "nil")
print("Update views")
}
结果
更新:Xcode 13.0和Swift 5+
获取HTTP请求
let url = URL(string: "URL HERE")! //PUT Your URL
var request = URLRequest(url: url)
request.httpMethod = "GET"
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
guard let safeData = data,
let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse,
error == nil else { // check for fundamental networking error
print("error", error ?? "Unknown error")
delegate?.onError(error!)
return
}
guard (200 ... 299) ~= response.statusCode else { // check for http errors
print("statusCode should be 2xx, but is \(response.statusCode)")
print("response = \(response)")
return
}
let responseString = String(data: safeData, encoding: .utf8)
print("Response String = \(responseString)")
}
task.resume()
你可以使用Just，一个python-requests风格的HTTP库。
使用Just发送HTTP请求的示例:
// synchronous GET request with URL query a=1
let r = Just.get("https://httpbin.org/get", params:["a":1])
// asynchronous POST request with form value and file uploads
Just.post(
"http://justiceleauge.org/member/register",
data: ["username": "barryallen", "password":"ReverseF1ashSucks"],
files: ["profile_photo": .URL(fileURLWithPath:"flash.jpeg", nil)]
) { (r)
if (r.ok) { /* success! */ }
}
在这两种情况下，可以通过类似于python-request的方式访问请求r的结果:
r.ok // is the response successful?
r.statusCode // status code of response
r.content // response body as NSData?
r.text // response body as text?
r.json // response body parsed by NSJSONSerielization
你可以在这个操场上找到更多的例子
在操场上以同步模式使用这个库是Swift中最接近cURL的东西。
我调用json登录按钮点击
@IBAction func loginClicked(sender : AnyObject) {
var request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: kLoginURL)) // Here, kLogin contains the Login API.
var session = NSURLSession.sharedSession()
request.HTTPMethod = "POST"
var err: NSError?
request.HTTPBody = NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(self.criteriaDic(), options: nil, error: &err) // This Line fills the web service with required parameters.
request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Accept")
var task = session.dataTaskWithRequest(request, completionHandler: {data, response, error -> Void in
var strData = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
var err1: NSError?
var json2 = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(strData.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding), options: .MutableLeaves, error:&err1 ) as NSDictionary
println("json2 :\(json2)")
if(err) {
println(err!.localizedDescription)
}
else {
var success = json2["success"] as? Int
println("Success: \(success)")
}
})
task.resume()
}
在这里，我为参数创建了一个单独的字典。
var params = ["format":"json", "MobileType":"IOS","MIN":"f8d16d98ad12acdbbe1de647414495ec","UserName":emailTxtField.text,"PWD":passwordTxtField.text,"SigninVia":"SH"]as NSDictionary
return params
}
// You can add your own sets of parameter here.
推荐文章
- 如何删除默认的导航栏空间在SwiftUI导航视图
- 如何在iOS中使用Swift编程segue
- Swift -整数转换为小时/分钟/秒
- 如何舍入一个双到最近的Int在迅速?
- 扁平化数组的数组在Swift
- Swift:声明一个空字典
- 为什么ARC仍然需要@autoreleasepool ?
- 在成功提交我的应用程序后，“太多符号文件”
- 从数组中随机选择一个元素
- 首先添加一个UIView，甚至是导航栏
- 我如何改变UIButton标题颜色?
- 在Swift中如何调用GCD主线程上的参数方法?
- NSLayoutConstraints是可动画的吗?
- iOS -构建失败，CocoaPods无法找到头文件
- Xcode 4挂在“附加到(应用程序名称)”
