是否有一种方法可以在执行查询时显示Django正在运行的SQL ?
当前回答
你可以使用连接。在Django中运行原始SQL查询,如下所示:
# "store/views.py"
from django.db import transaction
from .models import Person
from django.db import connection
from django.http import HttpResponse
@transaction.atomic
def test(request):
Person.objects.create(name="John") # INSERT
qs = Person.objects.select_for_update().get(name="John") # SELECT FOR UPDATE
qs.name = "Tom"
qs.save() # UPDATE
qs.delete() # DELETE
for query in connection.queries: # Here
print(query)
return HttpResponse("Test")
然后,原始查询打印在控制台,如下所示:
{'sql': 'INSERT INTO "store_person" ("name") VALUES (\'John\') RETURNING "store_person"."id"', 'time': '0.000'}
{'sql': 'SELECT "store_person"."id", "store_person"."name" FROM "store_person" WHERE "store_person"."name" = \'John\' LIMIT 21 FOR UPDATE', 'time': '0.000'}
{'sql': 'UPDATE "store_person" SET "name" = \'Tom\' WHERE "store_person"."id" = 179', 'time': '0.000'}
{'sql': 'DELETE FROM "store_person" WHERE "store_person"."id" IN (179)', 'time': '0.000'}
[24/Dec/2022 06:29:32] "GET /store/test/ HTTP/1.1" 200 9
然后,把reset_queries()放在Person.objects.select_for_update()之后,如果你想只得到UPDATE和DELETE查询,而没有INSERT和SELECT FOR UPDATE查询,如下所示:
# "store/views.py"
from django.db import transaction
from .models import Person
from django.db import reset_queries
from django.db import connection
from django.http import HttpResponse
@transaction.atomic
def test(request):
Person.objects.create(name="John") # INSERT
qs = Person.objects.select_for_update().get(name="John") # SELECT FOR UPDATE
reset_queries() # Here
qs.name = "Tom"
qs.save() # UPDATE
qs.delete() # DELETE
for query in connection.queries: # Here
print(query)
return HttpResponse("Test")
然后,只打印UPDATE和DELETE查询,不打印INSERT和SELECT FOR UPDATE查询,如下所示:
{'sql': 'UPDATE "store_person" SET "name" = \'Tom\' WHERE "store_person"."id" = 190', 'time': '0.000'}
{'sql': 'DELETE FROM "store_person" WHERE "store_person"."id" IN (190)', 'time': '0.000'}
[24/Dec/2022 07:00:01] "GET /store/test/ HTTP/1.1" 200 9
其他回答
虽然可以使用提供的代码来完成,但我发现使用调试工具栏应用程序是显示查询的一个很好的工具。你可以从github下载。
这使您可以选择显示在给定页面上运行的所有查询以及查询所花费的时间。它还汇总了页面上的查询数量以及用于快速查看的总时间。当你想了解Django ORM在幕后做了什么时,这是一个很好的工具。它也有很多其他不错的功能,你可以使用,如果你喜欢。
为CREATE / UPDATE / DELETE /命令生成SQL,这在Django中是即时的
from django.db.models import sql
def generate_update_sql(queryset, update_kwargs):
"""Converts queryset with update_kwargs
like : queryset.update(**update_kwargs) to UPDATE SQL"""
query = queryset.query.clone(sql.UpdateQuery)
query.add_update_values(update_kwargs)
compiler = query.get_compiler(queryset.db)
sql, params = compiler.as_sql()
return sql % params
from django.db.models import sql
def generate_delete_sql(queryset):
"""Converts select queryset to DELETE SQL """
query = queryset.query.chain(sql.DeleteQuery)
compiler = query.get_compiler(queryset.db)
sql, params = compiler.as_sql()
return sql % params
from django.db.models import sql
def generate_create_sql(model, model_data):
"""Converts queryset with create_kwargs
like if was: queryset.create(**create_kwargs) to SQL CREATE"""
not_saved_instance = model(**model_data)
not_saved_instance._for_write = True
query = sql.InsertQuery(model)
fields = [f for f in model._meta.local_concrete_fields if not isinstance(f, AutoField)]
query.insert_values(fields, [not_saved_instance], raw=False)
compiler = query.get_compiler(model.objects.db)
sql, params = compiler.as_sql()[0]
return sql % params
测试和使用
def test_generate_update_sql_with_F(self):
qs = Event.objects.all()
update_kwargs = dict(description=F('slug'))
result = generate_update_sql(qs, update_kwargs)
sql = "UPDATE `api_event` SET `description` = `api_event`.`slug`"
self.assertEqual(sql, result)
def test_generate_create_sql(self):
result = generate_create_sql(Event, dict(slug='a', app='b', model='c', action='e'))
sql = "INSERT INTO `api_event` (`slug`, `app`, `model`, `action`, `action_type`, `description`) VALUES (a, b, c, e, , )"
self.assertEqual(sql, result)
from django.db import reset_queries, connection
class ShowSQL(object):
def __enter__(self):
reset_queries()
return self
def __exit__(self, *args):
for sql in connection.queries:
print('Time: %s\nSQL: %s' % (sql['time'], sql['sql']))
然后你可以使用:
with ShowSQL() as t:
some queries <select>|<annotate>|<update> or other
它打印
时间:% s SQL: % s
这里已经有几个很好的答案了。
还有一种方法。
在测试中,这样做:
with self.assertNumQueries(3):
response = self.client.post(reverse('payments:pay_list'))
# or whatever
如果查询数量错误,则测试失败,并在控制台中打印所有原始SQL查询。
此外,此类测试有助于控制SQL查询的数量不会随着代码的更改而增加,并且数据库负载不会过多。
django扩展有一个带参数print-sql的命令shell_plus
./manage.py shell_plus --print-sql
在django-shell中,所有执行的查询都会被打印出来
Ex.:
User.objects.get(pk=1)
SELECT "auth_user"."id",
"auth_user"."password",
"auth_user"."last_login",
"auth_user"."is_superuser",
"auth_user"."username",
"auth_user"."first_name",
"auth_user"."last_name",
"auth_user"."email",
"auth_user"."is_staff",
"auth_user"."is_active",
"auth_user"."date_joined"
FROM "auth_user"
WHERE "auth_user"."id" = 1
Execution time: 0.002466s [Database: default]
<User: username>
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