从C:\Users\xyz\myFolder到C:\Users\xyz\testdata:

import os
working_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
# C:\Users\xyz\myFolder
print(working_dir)
updated_working_dir = os.path.join(os.path.realpath(working_dir + '/../'), 'testdata')
# C:\Users\xyz\testdata
print(updated_working_dir)

输出

C:\Users\xyz\myFolder
C:\Users\xyz\testdata

从C:\Users\xyz\myFolder到C:\Users\xyz\testdata:

import os
working_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
# C:\Users\xyz\myFolder
print(working_dir)
updated_working_dir = os.path.join(os.path.realpath(working_dir + '/../'), 'testdata')
# C:\Users\xyz\testdata
print(updated_working_dir)

输出

C:\Users\xyz\myFolder
C:\Users\xyz\testdata

正如在已接受的答案中提到的

import os
dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
filename = os.path.join(dir, '/relative/path/to/file/you/want')

我只是想补充一点

后一个字符串不能以反斜杠开头，实际上没有字符串 应该包含反斜杠吗

应该是这样的

import os
dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
filename = os.path.join(dir, 'relative','path','to','file','you','want')

接受的答案在某些情况下可能会误导，详情请参阅此链接

考虑一下我的代码:

import os


def readFile(filename):
    filehandle = open(filename)
    print filehandle.read()
    filehandle.close()



fileDir = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath('__file__'))
print fileDir

#For accessing the file in the same folder
filename = "same.txt"
readFile(filename)

#For accessing the file in a folder contained in the current folder
filename = os.path.join(fileDir, 'Folder1.1/same.txt')
readFile(filename)

#For accessing the file in the parent folder of the current folder
filename = os.path.join(fileDir, '../same.txt')
readFile(filename)

#For accessing the file inside a sibling folder.
filename = os.path.join(fileDir, '../Folder2/same.txt')
filename = os.path.abspath(os.path.realpath(filename))
print filename
readFile(filename)

我认为要在所有系统中使用“ntpath”而不是“os.path”。如今，它在Windows、Linux和Mac OSX上都能很好地工作。

import ntpath
import os
dirname = ntpath.dirname(__file__)
filename = os.path.join(dirname, 'relative/path/to/file/you/want')

一个简单的解决办法是

import os
os.chdir(os.path.dirname(__file__))