当然，Stephen的解决方案真的很棒，但对于那些不会使用Guava的人来说：

这是我的解决方案，用于按值对地图进行排序。此解决方案处理两倍相同值等情况。。。

// If you want to sort a map by value, and if there can be twice the same value:

// here is your original map
Map<String,Integer> mapToSortByValue = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
mapToSortByValue.put("A", 3);
mapToSortByValue.put("B", 1);
mapToSortByValue.put("C", 3);
mapToSortByValue.put("D", 5);
mapToSortByValue.put("E", -1);
mapToSortByValue.put("F", 1000);
mapToSortByValue.put("G", 79);
mapToSortByValue.put("H", 15);

// Sort all the map entries by value
Set<Map.Entry<String,Integer>> set = new TreeSet<Map.Entry<String,Integer>>(
        new Comparator<Map.Entry<String,Integer>>(){
            @Override
            public int compare(Map.Entry<String,Integer> obj1, Map.Entry<String,Integer> obj2) {
                Integer val1 = obj1.getValue();
                Integer val2 = obj2.getValue();
                // DUPLICATE VALUE CASE
                // If the values are equals, we can't return 0 because the 2 entries would be considered
                // as equals and one of them would be deleted (because we use a set, no duplicate, remember!)
                int compareValues = val1.compareTo(val2);
                if ( compareValues == 0 ) {
                    String key1 = obj1.getKey();
                    String key2 = obj2.getKey();
                    int compareKeys = key1.compareTo(key2);
                    if ( compareKeys == 0 ) {
                        // what you return here will tell us if you keep REAL KEY-VALUE duplicates in your set
                        // if you want to, do whatever you want but do not return 0 (but don't break the comparator contract!)
                        return 0;
                    }
                    return compareKeys;
                }
                return compareValues;
            }
        }
);
set.addAll(mapToSortByValue.entrySet());


// OK NOW OUR SET IS SORTED COOL!!!!

// And there's nothing more to do: the entries are sorted by value!
for ( Map.Entry<String,Integer> entry : set ) {
    System.out.println("Set entries: " + entry.getKey() + " -> " + entry.getValue());
}




// But if you add them to an hashmap
Map<String,Integer> myMap = new HashMap<String,Integer>();
// When iterating over the set the order is still good in the println...
for ( Map.Entry<String,Integer> entry : set ) {
    System.out.println("Added to result map entries: " + entry.getKey() + " " + entry.getValue());
    myMap.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}

// But once they are in the hashmap, the order is not kept!
for ( Integer value : myMap.values() ) {
    System.out.println("Result map values: " + value);
}
// Also this way doesn't work:
// Logic because the entryset is a hashset for hashmaps and not a treeset
// (and even if it was a treeset, it would be on the keys only)
for ( Map.Entry<String,Integer> entry : myMap.entrySet() ) {
    System.out.println("Result map entries: " + entry.getKey() + " -> " + entry.getValue());
}


// CONCLUSION:
// If you want to iterate on a map ordered by value, you need to remember:
// 1) Maps are only sorted by keys, so you can't sort them directly by value
// 2) So you simply CAN'T return a map to a sortMapByValue function
// 3) You can't reverse the keys and the values because you have duplicate values
//    This also means you can't neither use Guava/Commons bidirectionnal treemaps or stuff like that

// SOLUTIONS
// So you can:
// 1) only sort the values which is easy, but you loose the key/value link (since you have duplicate values)
// 2) sort the map entries, but don't forget to handle the duplicate value case (like i did)
// 3) if you really need to return a map, use a LinkedHashMap which keep the insertion order

执行官：http://www.ideone.com/dq3Lu

输出：

Set entries: E -> -1
Set entries: B -> 1
Set entries: A -> 3
Set entries: C -> 3
Set entries: D -> 5
Set entries: H -> 15
Set entries: G -> 79
Set entries: F -> 1000
Added to result map entries: E -1
Added to result map entries: B 1
Added to result map entries: A 3
Added to result map entries: C 3
Added to result map entries: D 5
Added to result map entries: H 15
Added to result map entries: G 79
Added to result map entries: F 1000
Result map values: 5
Result map values: -1
Result map values: 1000
Result map values: 79
Result map values: 3
Result map values: 1
Result map values: 3
Result map values: 15
Result map entries: D -> 5
Result map entries: E -> -1
Result map entries: F -> 1000
Result map entries: G -> 79
Result map entries: A -> 3
Result map entries: B -> 1
Result map entries: C -> 3
Result map entries: H -> 15

希望它能帮助一些人

三个单行答案。。。

我会使用GoogleCollectionsGuava来实现这一点-如果你的价值观是可比较的，那么你可以使用

valueComparator = Ordering.natural().onResultOf(Functions.forMap(map))

这将为地图创建一个函数（对象）[将任何键作为输入，返回相应的值]，然后对它们应用自然（可比较）排序[值]。

如果它们不具有可比性，那么您需要按照

valueComparator = Ordering.from(comparator).onResultOf(Functions.forMap(map)) 

这些可以应用于TreeMap（因为Ordering扩展了Comparator），或者在排序后应用于LinkedHashMap

注意：如果要使用TreeMap，请记住，如果比较==0，则该项已在列表中（如果有多个值进行比较，则会发生这种情况）。为了缓解这种情况，您可以像这样将键添加到比较器中（假设键和值是可比较的）：

valueComparator = Ordering.natural().onResultOf(Functions.forMap(map)).compound(Ordering.natural())

=对键映射的值应用自然排序，并将其与键的自然排序组合

请注意，如果您的键与0比较，这仍然不起作用，但这对于大多数可比较的项来说应该足够了（因为hashCode、equals和compareTo通常是同步的…）

请参见Ordering.onResultOf（）和Functions.forMap（）。

实施

现在我们有了一个比较器，它可以满足我们的需要，我们需要从中得到一个结果。

map = ImmutableSortedMap.copyOf(myOriginalMap, valueComparator);

现在，这很可能奏效，但：

需要完成一张完整的地图不要在TreeMap上尝试上面的比较器；当插入的键在put之后才有值时，尝试比较它是没有意义的，也就是说，它会很快断开

第1点对我来说有点破坏交易；google集合非常懒惰（这很好：你几乎可以在一瞬间完成所有操作；真正的工作是在你开始使用结果时完成的），这需要复制整个地图！

“完整”答案/按值排序的实时地图

不过别担心；如果你痴迷于以这种方式对“实时”地图进行排序，那么你可以用以下疯狂的方式解决上述问题，而不是其中一个，而是两个（！）：

注意：这在2012年6月发生了重大变化-以前的代码永远无法工作：需要内部HashMap来查找值，而不需要在TreeMap.get（）->compare（）和compare（（）->get（）之间创建无限循环

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TreeMap;

import com.google.common.base.Functions;
import com.google.common.collect.Ordering;

class ValueComparableMap<K extends Comparable<K>,V> extends TreeMap<K,V> {
    //A map for doing lookups on the keys for comparison so we don't get infinite loops
    private final Map<K, V> valueMap;

    ValueComparableMap(final Ordering<? super V> partialValueOrdering) {
        this(partialValueOrdering, new HashMap<K,V>());
    }

    private ValueComparableMap(Ordering<? super V> partialValueOrdering,
            HashMap<K, V> valueMap) {
        super(partialValueOrdering //Apply the value ordering
                .onResultOf(Functions.forMap(valueMap)) //On the result of getting the value for the key from the map
                .compound(Ordering.natural())); //as well as ensuring that the keys don't get clobbered
        this.valueMap = valueMap;
    }

    public V put(K k, V v) {
        if (valueMap.containsKey(k)){
            //remove the key in the sorted set before adding the key again
            remove(k);
        }
        valueMap.put(k,v); //To get "real" unsorted values for the comparator
        return super.put(k, v); //Put it in value order
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){
        TreeMap<String, Integer> map = new ValueComparableMap<String, Integer>(Ordering.natural());
        map.put("a", 5);
        map.put("b", 1);
        map.put("c", 3);
        assertEquals("b",map.firstKey());
        assertEquals("a",map.lastKey());
        map.put("d",0);
        assertEquals("d",map.firstKey());
        //ensure it's still a map (by overwriting a key, but with a new value) 
        map.put("d", 2);
        assertEquals("b", map.firstKey());
        //Ensure multiple values do not clobber keys
        map.put("e", 2);
        assertEquals(5, map.size());
        assertEquals(2, (int) map.get("e"));
        assertEquals(2, (int) map.get("d"));
    }
 }

当我们放入时，我们确保哈希映射具有比较器的值，然后将其放入TreeSet进行排序。但在此之前，我们检查哈希图，看看该键实际上不是重复的。此外，我们创建的比较器还将包括关键字，这样重复的值就不会删除非重复的关键字（由于==比较）。这两项对于确保地图合同得到遵守至关重要；如果你认为你不想这样，那么你几乎就要完全颠倒地图了（地图＜V，K＞）。

构造函数需要调用为

 new ValueComparableMap(Ordering.natural());
 //or
 new ValueComparableMap(Ordering.from(comparator));

    Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put("b", 2);
    map.put("a", 1);
    map.put("d", 4);
    map.put("c", 3);
    
    // ----- Using Java 7 -------------------
    List<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> entries = new ArrayList<>(map.entrySet());
    Collections.sort(entries, (o1, o2) -> o1.getValue().compareTo(o2.getValue()));
    System.out.println(entries); // [a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4]


    // ----- Using Java 8 Stream API --------
   map.entrySet().stream().sorted(Map.Entry.comparingByValue()).forEach(System.out::println); // {a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4}

    

    static <K extends Comparable<? super K>, V extends Comparable<? super V>>
    Map sortByValueInDescendingOrder(final Map<K, V> map) {
        Map re = new TreeMap(new Comparator<K>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(K o1, K o2) {
                if (map.get(o1) == null || map.get(o2) == null) {
                    return -o1.compareTo(o2);
                }
                int result = -map.get(o1).compareTo(map.get(o2));
                if (result != 0) {
                    return result;
                }
                return -o1.compareTo(o2);
            }
        });
        re.putAll(map);
        return re;
    }
    @Test(timeout = 3000l, expected = Test.None.class)
    public void testSortByValueInDescendingOrder() {
        char[] arr = "googler".toCharArray();
        Map<Character, Integer> charToTimes = new HashMap();
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            Integer times = charToTimes.get(arr[i]);
            charToTimes.put(arr[i], times == null ? 1 : times + 1);
        }
        Map sortedByTimes = sortByValueInDescendingOrder(charToTimes);
        Assert.assertEquals(charToTimes.toString(), "{g=2, e=1, r=1, o=2, l=1}");
        Assert.assertEquals(sortedByTimes.toString(), "{o=2, g=2, r=1, l=1, e=1}");
        Assert.assertEquals(sortedByTimes.containsKey('a'), false);
        Assert.assertEquals(sortedByTimes.get('a'), null);
        Assert.assertEquals(sortedByTimes.get('g'), 2);
        Assert.assertEquals(sortedByTimes.equals(charToTimes), true);
    }

我合并了user157196和Carter Page的解决方案：

class MapUtil {

    public static <K, V extends Comparable<? super V>> Map<K, V> sortByValue( Map<K, V> map ){
        ValueComparator<K,V> bvc =  new ValueComparator<K,V>(map);
        TreeMap<K,V> sorted_map = new TreeMap<K,V>(bvc);
        sorted_map.putAll(map);
        return sorted_map;
    }

}

class ValueComparator<K, V extends Comparable<? super V>> implements Comparator<K> {

    Map<K, V> base;
    public ValueComparator(Map<K, V> base) {
        this.base = base;
    }

    public int compare(K a, K b) {
        int result = (base.get(a).compareTo(base.get(b)));
        if (result == 0) result=1;
        // returning 0 would merge keys
        return result;
    }
}

对于Java 8，您可以使用streams api以一种明显不那么冗长的方式来实现：

Map<K, V> sortedMap = map.entrySet().stream()
                         .sorted(Entry.comparingByValue())
                         .collect(Collectors.toMap(Entry::getKey, Entry::getValue, (e1, e2) -> e1, LinkedHashMap::new));