创建新容器后,是否可以运行命令从主机获取容器的IP地址?

基本上,一旦Docker创建了容器,我就想滚动我自己的代码部署和容器配置脚本。


当前回答

使用任意字符串提取IP:

我在这个问题中读到的许多(几乎所有)解决方案都需要用户首先识别<容器名称>或<容器ID>,然后将其提供给他们的解决方案以显示IP的中间步骤。

当容器被重新创建时,IP可以改变,如果发生这种情况,引用它的任何脚本现在都将被破坏。。。。

因此,我需要一种无需手动干预即可提取容器IP的方法,确保脚本始终具有正确的IP,即使每次重新创建容器时都会更改。

解决方案:

#!/bin/bash

# Only need to set "CONTAINERNAME" variable with an arbitrary
# string found in either the Container ID or Image Name and
# it prints container IP. Ensure the string is unique to desired host

CONTAINERNAME='mariadb-blog'
CONTAINERID="$(docker ps | grep -i $CONTAINERNAME | awk '{print $1}')"
CONTAINERIP="$(docker inspect -f '{{range.NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' $CONTAINERID)"

echo "$CONTAINERIP"

结论:

我已经用自己的Linux Docker Compose主机测试了这个脚本,截至20220722年,它运行可靠。事实上,很容易复制并粘贴脚本,以验证我的结果是否可复制。

请注意:有一个潜在的可靠性弱点:如果你不剪切自己的docker图像并依赖第三方的图像,他们可能会更改图像的命名惯例,并打破脚本中的grep。因此,我建议将任意字符串设置为ContainerName,因为您可以控制它,确保字符串的grep始终成功,并打印IP以提供给脚本。

其他回答

Docker是用Go编写的,它也使用Go语法进行查询。

要检查特定容器的IP地址,需要运行命令(-f表示“format”):

docker inspect -f '{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' container_id_or_name

对于容器ID或名称,可以运行以下命令

docker container ls

它将列出每个正在运行的容器。

将此shell脚本添加到~/.bashrc或相关文件中:

docker-ip() {
  docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' "$@"
}

然后,要获取容器的IP地址,只需执行以下操作:

docker-ip YOUR_CONTAINER_ID

对于Docker的新版本,请使用以下内容:

docker-ip() {
        docker inspect --format '{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' "$@"
}

从Docker版本1.10.3开始,构建20f81dd

除非你告诉Docker,否则Docker总是在网桥网络中启动你的容器。因此,您可以尝试以下命令:

docker network inspect bridge

然后应该返回一个Containers部分,该部分将显示正在运行的容器的IP地址。

[
    {
        "Name": "bridge",
        "Id": "40561e7d29a08b2eb81fe7b02736f44da6c0daae54ca3486f75bfa81c83507a0",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": null,
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "172.17.0.0/16"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Containers": {
            "025d191991083e21761eb5a56729f61d7c5612a520269e548d0136e084ecd32a": {
                "Name": "drunk_leavitt",
                "EndpointID": "9f6f630a1743bd9184f30b37795590f13d87299fe39c8969294c8a353a8c97b3",
                "IPv4Address": "172.17.0.2/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            }
        },
        "Options": {
            "com.docker.network.bridge.default_bridge": "true",
            "com.docker.network.bridge.enable_icc": "true",
            "com.docker.network.bridge.enable_ip_masquerade": "true",
            "com.docker.network.bridge.host_binding_ipv4": "0.0.0.0",
            "com.docker.network.bridge.name": "docker0",
            "com.docker.network.driver.mtu": "1500"
        }
    }
]

接受的答案对于每个容器的多个网络不适用:

> docker inspect -f '{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' cc54d96d63ea

172.20.0.4172.18.0.5

下一个最佳答案更接近:

> docker inspect cc54d96d63ea | grep "IPAddress"

"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"IPAddress": "",
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.4",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.5",

我喜欢使用jq解析网络JSON:

> docker inspect cc54d96d63ea | jq -r 'map(.NetworkSettings.Networks) []'

{
  "proxy": {
    "IPAMConfig": null,
    "Links": [
      "server1_php_1:php",
      "server1_php_1:php_1",
      "server1_php_1:server1_php_1"
    ],
    "Aliases": [
      "cc54d96d63ea",
      "web"
    ],
    "NetworkID": "7779959d7383e9cef09c970c38c24a1a6ff44695178d314e3cb646bfa30d9935",
    "EndpointID": "4ac2c26113bf10715048579dd77304008904186d9679cdbc8fcea65eee0bf13b",
    "Gateway": "172.20.0.1",
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.4",
    "IPPrefixLen": 24,
    "IPv6Gateway": "",
    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:14:00:04",
    "DriverOpts": null
  },
  "webservers": {
    "IPAMConfig": null,
    "Links": [
      "server1_php_1:php",
      "server1_php_1:php_1",
      "server1_php_1:server1_php_1"
    ],
    "Aliases": [
      "cc54d96d63ea",
      "web"
    ],
    "NetworkID": "907a7fba8816cd0ad89b7f5603bbc91122a2dd99902b504be6af16427c11a0a6",
    "EndpointID": "7febabe380d040b96b4e795417ba0954a103ac3fd37e9f6110189d9de92fbdae",
    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.5",
    "IPPrefixLen": 24,
    "IPv6Gateway": "",
    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:05",
    "DriverOpts": null
  }
}

要列出每个容器的IP地址,则变成:

for s in `docker ps -q`; do
  echo `docker inspect -f "{{.Name}}" ${s}`:
  docker inspect ${s} | jq -r 'map(.NetworkSettings.Networks) []' | grep "IPAddress";
done

/server1_web_1:
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.4",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.5",
/server1_php_1:
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.3",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.4",
/docker-gen:
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",
/nginx-proxy:
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.2",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",

如果您使用的是Windows,您可能无法从docker inspect获得任何信息,在这种情况下,您最好的选择是实际使用ipconfig/all并查找以太网适配器vEthernet(WSL):部分,在该部分您可以看到IPv4地址…:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx(首选)-这将是您可以在本地浏览器的url中使用的IP。