docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' <containername or containerID here>

如果将容器部署到默认网桥网络，则上述方法有效。

然而，如果使用自定义网桥网络或覆盖网络，我发现以下方法效果更好：

docker exec <containername or containerID here> /sbin/ifconfig eth0 | grep 'inet addr:' | cut -d: -f2 | awk '{ print $1}'

使用Python新API：

import docker

client = docker.DockerClient()
container = client.containers.get("NAME")
ip_add = container.attrs['NetworkSettings']['IPAddress']
print(ip_add)

您可以使用docker inspect＜container id＞。

例如：

CID=$(docker run -d -p 4321 base nc -lk 4321);
docker inspect $CID

为了扩展ko-dos的答案，这里有一个别名来列出所有容器名称及其IP地址：

alias docker-ips='docker ps | tail -n +2 | while read -a a; do name=${a[$((${#a[@]}-1))]}; echo -ne "$name\t"; docker inspect $name | grep IPAddress | cut -d \" -f 4; done'

接受的答案对于每个容器的多个网络不适用：

> docker inspect -f '{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' cc54d96d63ea

172.20.0.4172.18.0.5

下一个最佳答案更接近：

> docker inspect cc54d96d63ea | grep "IPAddress"

"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"IPAddress": "",
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.4",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.5",

我喜欢使用jq解析网络JSON：

> docker inspect cc54d96d63ea | jq -r 'map(.NetworkSettings.Networks) []'

{
  "proxy": {
    "IPAMConfig": null,
    "Links": [
      "server1_php_1:php",
      "server1_php_1:php_1",
      "server1_php_1:server1_php_1"
    ],
    "Aliases": [
      "cc54d96d63ea",
      "web"
    ],
    "NetworkID": "7779959d7383e9cef09c970c38c24a1a6ff44695178d314e3cb646bfa30d9935",
    "EndpointID": "4ac2c26113bf10715048579dd77304008904186d9679cdbc8fcea65eee0bf13b",
    "Gateway": "172.20.0.1",
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.4",
    "IPPrefixLen": 24,
    "IPv6Gateway": "",
    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:14:00:04",
    "DriverOpts": null
  },
  "webservers": {
    "IPAMConfig": null,
    "Links": [
      "server1_php_1:php",
      "server1_php_1:php_1",
      "server1_php_1:server1_php_1"
    ],
    "Aliases": [
      "cc54d96d63ea",
      "web"
    ],
    "NetworkID": "907a7fba8816cd0ad89b7f5603bbc91122a2dd99902b504be6af16427c11a0a6",
    "EndpointID": "7febabe380d040b96b4e795417ba0954a103ac3fd37e9f6110189d9de92fbdae",
    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.5",
    "IPPrefixLen": 24,
    "IPv6Gateway": "",
    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:05",
    "DriverOpts": null
  }
}

要列出每个容器的IP地址，则变成：

for s in `docker ps -q`; do
  echo `docker inspect -f "{{.Name}}" ${s}`:
  docker inspect ${s} | jq -r 'map(.NetworkSettings.Networks) []' | grep "IPAddress";
done

/server1_web_1:
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.4",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.5",
/server1_php_1:
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.3",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.4",
/docker-gen:
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",
/nginx-proxy:
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.2",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",

基于我喜欢的一些答案，我决定将它们合并到一个函数中，以获取所有IP地址，另一个用于特定容器。它们现在在我的.bashrc文件中。

docker-ips() {
    docker inspect --format='{{.Name}} - {{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' $(docker ps -aq)
}

docker-ip() {
  docker inspect --format '{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' "$@"
}

第一个命令给出所有容器的IP地址，第二个命令给出特定容器的IP名称。

docker-ips
docker-ip YOUR_CONTAINER_ID