按名称引用容器：

docker run ... --name pg-master

然后按名称获取IP地址：

MASTER_HOST=$(docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' pg-master)

对于窗口10：

docker inspect --format "{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}"  containerId

接受的答案对于每个容器的多个网络不适用：

> docker inspect -f '{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' cc54d96d63ea

172.20.0.4172.18.0.5

下一个最佳答案更接近：

> docker inspect cc54d96d63ea | grep "IPAddress"

"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"IPAddress": "",
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.4",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.5",

我喜欢使用jq解析网络JSON：

> docker inspect cc54d96d63ea | jq -r 'map(.NetworkSettings.Networks) []'

{
  "proxy": {
    "IPAMConfig": null,
    "Links": [
      "server1_php_1:php",
      "server1_php_1:php_1",
      "server1_php_1:server1_php_1"
    ],
    "Aliases": [
      "cc54d96d63ea",
      "web"
    ],
    "NetworkID": "7779959d7383e9cef09c970c38c24a1a6ff44695178d314e3cb646bfa30d9935",
    "EndpointID": "4ac2c26113bf10715048579dd77304008904186d9679cdbc8fcea65eee0bf13b",
    "Gateway": "172.20.0.1",
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.4",
    "IPPrefixLen": 24,
    "IPv6Gateway": "",
    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:14:00:04",
    "DriverOpts": null
  },
  "webservers": {
    "IPAMConfig": null,
    "Links": [
      "server1_php_1:php",
      "server1_php_1:php_1",
      "server1_php_1:server1_php_1"
    ],
    "Aliases": [
      "cc54d96d63ea",
      "web"
    ],
    "NetworkID": "907a7fba8816cd0ad89b7f5603bbc91122a2dd99902b504be6af16427c11a0a6",
    "EndpointID": "7febabe380d040b96b4e795417ba0954a103ac3fd37e9f6110189d9de92fbdae",
    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.5",
    "IPPrefixLen": 24,
    "IPv6Gateway": "",
    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:05",
    "DriverOpts": null
  }
}

要列出每个容器的IP地址，则变成：

for s in `docker ps -q`; do
  echo `docker inspect -f "{{.Name}}" ${s}`:
  docker inspect ${s} | jq -r 'map(.NetworkSettings.Networks) []' | grep "IPAddress";
done

/server1_web_1:
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.4",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.5",
/server1_php_1:
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.3",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.4",
/docker-gen:
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",
/nginx-proxy:
    "IPAddress": "172.20.0.2",
    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",

如果您需要一个特定的方便别名来获取特定的容器ip，请使用此别名，并提供公认的答案

alias dockerip='f(){ docker inspect $1|grep -i "ipaddress.*[12]*\.[0-9]*"|sed -e "s/^  *//g" -e "s/[\",]//g" -e "s/[*,]//g" -e "s/[a-zA-Z: ]//g" | sort --unique;  unset -f f; }; f'

然后你可以用

dockerip <containername>  

您也可以使用contained而不是containername

BTW接受了很好的答案，但没有产生干净的输出，所以我编辑了它，并这样使用；

alias dockerips='for NAME in $(docker ps --format {{.Names}}); do echo -n "$NAME:"; docker inspect $NAME|grep -i "ipaddress.*[12]*\.[0-9]*"|sed -e "s/^  *//g" -e "s/[\",]//g" -e "s/[_=*,]//g" -e "s/[a-zA-Z: ]//g "| sort --unique;done'

还没有人提出Docker Python API。Docker API获取IP地址的解决方案相当简单。

*基于NIX的操作系统：dockerapi3.7（由于canadadry的评论而更新）

import docker

client = docker.DockerClient(base_url='unix://var/run/docker.sock')
x_container = client.containers(filters={"name":"x_container"})[0]
x_ip_addr = x_container["NetworkSettings"]["Networks"]["NETWORK_NAME"]["IPAddress"]

OS不可知：dockerapi4.0.x（由于评论中的pds而添加）

import docker

client = docker.from_env()
container = client.containers.get(container_name)
vars( container )["attrs"]["NetworkSettings"]["Networks"]["<NETWORK_NAME>"]["IPAddress"]

不太难找到，但很有用。此外，这可以很容易地修改，以查找分配给各种网络上的容器的所有IP。

Docker是用Go编写的，它也使用Go语法进行查询。

要检查特定容器的IP地址，需要运行命令（-f表示“format”）：

docker inspect -f '{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' container_id_or_name

对于容器ID或名称，可以运行以下命令

docker container ls

它将列出每个正在运行的容器。