case语句运算符在其他语言中类似于switch。

这是switch的语法。。。C中的情况：

switch (expression)
​{
    case constant1:
      // statements
      break;
    case constant2:
      // statements
      break;
    .
    .
    .
    default:
      // default statements
}

这是case的语法。。。使用Ruby时：

case expression
  when constant1, constant2 #Each when statement can have multiple candidate values, separated by commas.
     # statements 
     next # is like continue in other languages
  when constant3
     # statements 
     exit # exit is like break in other languages
  .
  .
  .
  else
     # statements
end

例如：

x = 10
case x
when 1,2,3
  puts "1, 2, or 3"
  exit
when 10
  puts "10" # it will stop here and execute that line
  exit # then it'll exit
else
  puts "Some other number"
end

有关更多信息，请参阅案例文档。

在Ruby 2.0中，您还可以在case语句中使用lambdas，如下所示：

is_even = ->(x) { x % 2 == 0 }

case number
when 0 then puts 'zero'
when is_even then puts 'even'
else puts 'odd'
end

您还可以使用Struct和自定义===

Moddable = Struct.new(:n) do
  def ===(numeric)
    numeric % n == 0
  end
end

mod4 = Moddable.new(4)
mod3 = Moddable.new(3)

case number
when mod4 then puts 'multiple of 4'
when mod3 then puts 'multiple of 3'
end

（示例取自“在Ruby 2.0中，procs可以与case语句一起使用吗？”。）

或者，对于完整的类：

class Vehicle
  def ===(another_vehicle)
    self.number_of_wheels == another_vehicle.number_of_wheels
  end
end

four_wheeler = Vehicle.new 4
two_wheeler = Vehicle.new 2

case vehicle
when two_wheeler
  puts 'two wheeler'
when four_wheeler
  puts 'four wheeler'
end

（示例摘自“Ruby Case语句的工作原理和使用它可以做什么”。）

case语句运算符在其他语言中类似于switch。

这是switch的语法。。。C中的情况：

switch (expression)
​{
    case constant1:
      // statements
      break;
    case constant2:
      // statements
      break;
    .
    .
    .
    default:
      // default statements
}

这是case的语法。。。使用Ruby时：

case expression
  when constant1, constant2 #Each when statement can have multiple candidate values, separated by commas.
     # statements 
     next # is like continue in other languages
  when constant3
     # statements 
     exit # exit is like break in other languages
  .
  .
  .
  else
     # statements
end

例如：

x = 10
case x
when 1,2,3
  puts "1, 2, or 3"
  exit
when 10
  puts "10" # it will stop here and execute that line
  exit # then it'll exit
else
  puts "Some other number"
end

有关更多信息，请参阅案例文档。

你可以用更自然的方式这样做，

case expression
when condtion1
   function
when condition2
   function
else
   function
end

Ruby使用case编写switch语句。

根据案例文件：

Case语句包含一个可选条件，该条件位于一个参数到case的位置，以及零个或多个when子句。与条件匹配的第一个when子句（或计算为布尔真值（如果条件为空）“wins”及其代码节执行。case语句的值是成功的when子句，如果没有这样的子句，则为nil。case语句可以以else子句结尾。当语句可以有多个候选值，用逗号分隔。

例子：

case x
when 1,2,3
  puts "1, 2, or 3"
when 10
  puts "10"
else
  puts "Some other number"
end

较短版本：

case x
when 1,2,3 then puts "1, 2, or 3"
when 10 then puts "10"
else puts "Some other number"
end

正如“Ruby的case语句-高级技术”所描述的Ruby case；

可用于范围：

case 5
when (1..10)
  puts "case statements match inclusion in a range"
end

## => "case statements match inclusion in a range"

可与Regex一起使用：

case "FOOBAR"
when /BAR$/
  puts "they can match regular expressions!"
end

## => "they can match regular expressions!"

可与Procs和Lambdas一起使用：

case 40
when -> (n) { n.to_s == "40" }
  puts "lambdas!"
end

## => "lambdas"

此外，还可以与您自己的匹配类一起使用：

class Success
  def self.===(item)
    item.status >= 200 && item.status < 300
  end
end

class Empty
  def self.===(item)
    item.response_size == 0
  end
end

case http_response
when Empty
  puts "response was empty"
when Success
  puts "response was a success"
end

多值时和无值情况：

print "Enter your grade: "
grade = gets.chomp
case grade
when "A", "B"
  puts 'You pretty smart!'
when "C", "D"
  puts 'You pretty dumb!!'
else
  puts "You can't even use a computer!"
end

这里有一个正则表达式解决方案：

print "Enter a string: "
some_string = gets.chomp
case
when some_string.match(/\d/)
  puts 'String has numbers'
when some_string.match(/[a-zA-Z]/)
  puts 'String has letters'
else
  puts 'String has no numbers or letters'
end