One of the advantages of the static factory methods with private constructor(object creation must have been restricted for external classes to ensure instances are not created externally) is that you can create instance-controlled classes. And instance-controlled classes guarantee that no two equal distinct instances exist(a.equals(b) if and only if a==b) during your program is running that means you can check equality of objects with == operator instead of equals method, according to Effective java.

The ability of static factory methods to return the same object from repeated invocations allows classes to maintain strict control over what instances exist at any time. Classes that do this are said to be instance-controlled. There are several reasons to write instance-controlled classes. Instance control allows a class to guarantee that it is a singleton (Item 3) or noninstantiable (Item 4). Also, it allows an immutable class (Item 15) to make the guarantee that no two equal instances exist: a.equals(b) if and only if a==b. If a class makes this guarantee, then its clients can use the == operator instead of the equals(Object) method, which may result in improved performance. Enum types (Item 30) provide this guarantee.

摘自Effective Java, Joshua Bloch(第1项，第6页)

静态

用关键字'static'声明的成员。

工厂方法

方法，用于创建和返回新对象。

在Java中

编程语言与“静态”的含义相关，但与“工厂”的定义无关。

注意!“静态工厂方法与工厂方法模式不同”(c) Effective Java, Joshua Bloch。

工厂方法:定义一个用于创建对象的接口，但是让实现该接口的类来决定实例化哪个类。Factory方法允许类延迟实例化到子类“(c) GoF”。

静态工厂方法只是一个返回类实例的静态方法。(c)有效的Java，约书亚·布洛赫。通常这个方法在一个特定的类中。

的区别:

The key idea of static factory method is to gain control over object creation and delegate it from constructor to static method. The decision of object to be created is like in Abstract Factory made outside the method (in common case, but not always). While the key (!) idea of Factory Method is to delegate decision of what instance of class to create inside Factory Method. E.g. classic Singleton implementation is a special case of static factory method. Example of commonly used static factory methods:

返回对象的值 getInstance newInstance

Java实现包含实用程序类Java .util. arrays和Java .util. collections，它们都包含静态工厂方法，它的示例和如何使用:

arrays . aslist(“1”、“2”、“3”) Collections.synchronizedList(..)， Collections.emptyList()， Collections.unmodifiableList(…)(只是一些例子，可以检查javadocs mor方法的例子https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Collections.html)

java.lang.String类也有这样的静态工厂方法:

String.format(…),String.valueOf (. .), String.copyValueOf(…)

我们避免提供对数据库连接的直接访问，因为它们是资源密集型的。因此，我们使用一个静态工厂方法getDbConnection，它在低于限制时创建一个连接。否则，它将尝试提供一个“备用”连接，如果没有则会出现异常而失败。

public class DbConnection{
   private static final int MAX_CONNS = 100;
   private static int totalConnections = 0;

   private static Set<DbConnection> availableConnections = new HashSet<DbConnection>();

   private DbConnection(){
     // ...
     totalConnections++;
   }

   public static DbConnection getDbConnection(){

     if(totalConnections < MAX_CONNS){
       return new DbConnection();

     }else if(availableConnections.size() > 0){
         DbConnection dbc = availableConnections.iterator().next();
         availableConnections.remove(dbc);
         return dbc;

     }else {
         throw new NoDbConnections();
     }
   }

   public static void returnDbConnection(DbConnection dbc){
     availableConnections.add(dbc);
     //...
   }
}

与构造函数不同，具有名称，可以阐明代码。 不需要在每次调用时创建一个新对象-对象 如果需要，可以缓存和重用。 可以返回其返回类型的子类型-特别是，Can 返回调用方不知道其实现类的对象。 这是许多框架中非常有价值和广泛使用的特性 它们使用接口作为静态工厂方法的返回类型。

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