静态工厂方法模式是封装对象创建的一种方式。如果没有工厂方法，只需直接调用类的构造函数:Foo x = new Foo()。使用这种模式，你可以调用工厂方法:Foo x = Foo.create()。构造函数被标记为private，因此只能从类内部调用它们，而工厂方法被标记为静态，因此可以在没有对象的情况下调用它。

这种模式有几个优点。一个是工厂可以从许多子类(或接口的实现者)中选择并返回。通过这种方式，调用者可以通过参数指定所需的行为，而不必知道或理解潜在的复杂类层次结构。

Another advantage is, as Matthew and James have pointed out, controlling access to a limited resource such as connections. This a way to implement pools of reusable objects - instead of building, using, and tearing down an object, if the construction and destruction are expensive processes it might make more sense to build them once and recycle them. The factory method can return an existing, unused instantiated object if it has one, or construct one if the object count is below some lower threshold, or throw an exception or return null if it's above the upper threshold.

根据维基百科上的文章，多个工厂方法还允许对相似的参数类型进行不同的解释。通常构造函数与类具有相同的名称，这意味着具有给定签名的构造函数只能有一个。工厂没有那么多限制，这意味着你可以有两个不同的方法接受相同的参数类型:

Coordinate c = Coordinate.createFromCartesian(double x, double y)

and

Coordinate c = Coordinate.createFromPolar(double distance, double angle)

Rasmus指出，这也可以用来提高可读性。

可读性可以通过静态工厂方法来提高:

比较

public class Foo{
  public Foo(boolean withBar){
    //...
  }
}

//...

// What exactly does this mean?
Foo foo = new Foo(true);
// You have to lookup the documentation to be sure.
// Even if you remember that the boolean has something to do with a Bar
// you might not remember whether it specified withBar or withoutBar.

to

public class Foo{
  public static Foo createWithBar(){
    //...
  }

  public static Foo createWithoutBar(){
    //...
  }
}

// ...

// This is much easier to read!
Foo foo = Foo.createWithBar();

当您希望确保只有一个实例将返回要使用的具体类时，静态工厂方法很好。

例如，在一个数据库连接类中，您可能希望只有一个类创建数据库连接，因此如果您决定从Mysql切换到Oracle，您只需更改一个类中的逻辑，而应用程序的其余部分将使用新的连接。

如果您希望实现数据库池，那么也可以在不影响应用程序其余部分的情况下完成。

它保护应用程序的其余部分不受您可能对工厂所做的更改的影响，这就是目的。

它是静态的原因是，如果你想跟踪一些有限的资源(套接字连接或文件句柄的数量)，那么这个类可以跟踪已经传递和返回了多少，这样你就不会耗尽有限的资源。

Java实现包含实用程序类Java .util. arrays和Java .util. collections，它们都包含静态工厂方法，它的示例和如何使用:

arrays . aslist(“1”、“2”、“3”) Collections.synchronizedList(..)， Collections.emptyList()， Collections.unmodifiableList(…)(只是一些例子，可以检查javadocs mor方法的例子https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Collections.html)

java.lang.String类也有这样的静态工厂方法:

String.format(…),String.valueOf (. .), String.copyValueOf(…)

静态

用关键字'static'声明的成员。

工厂方法

方法，用于创建和返回新对象。

在Java中

编程语言与“静态”的含义相关，但与“工厂”的定义无关。

One of the advantages of the static factory methods with private constructor(object creation must have been restricted for external classes to ensure instances are not created externally) is that you can create instance-controlled classes. And instance-controlled classes guarantee that no two equal distinct instances exist(a.equals(b) if and only if a==b) during your program is running that means you can check equality of objects with == operator instead of equals method, according to Effective java.

The ability of static factory methods to return the same object from repeated invocations allows classes to maintain strict control over what instances exist at any time. Classes that do this are said to be instance-controlled. There are several reasons to write instance-controlled classes. Instance control allows a class to guarantee that it is a singleton (Item 3) or noninstantiable (Item 4). Also, it allows an immutable class (Item 15) to make the guarantee that no two equal instances exist: a.equals(b) if and only if a==b. If a class makes this guarantee, then its clients can use the == operator instead of the equals(Object) method, which may result in improved performance. Enum types (Item 30) provide this guarantee.

摘自Effective Java, Joshua Bloch(第1项，第6页)