如果类的构造函数是私有的，那么就不能从类的外部为类创建对象。

class Test{
 int x, y;
 private Test(){
  .......
  .......
  }
}

我们不能从上面的类的外部创建一个对象。所以你不能从类外访问x y。那么这门课有什么用呢? 下面是答案:FACTORY方法。 在上面的类中添加下面的方法

public static Test getObject(){
  return new Test();
}

现在你可以在这个类的外部创建一个对象。就像……

Test t = Test.getObject();

因此，通过执行类的私有构造函数返回类对象的静态方法称为FACTORY方法。

这一切都归结为可维护性。最好的方式是，无论何时使用new关键字创建对象，都是将所编写的代码耦合到实现中。

The factory pattern lets you separate how you create an object from what you do with the object. When you create all of your objects using constructors, you are essentially hard-wiring the code that uses the object to that implementation. The code that uses your object is "dependent on" that object. This may not seem like a big deal on the surface, but when the object changes (think of changing the signature of the constructor, or subclassing the object) you have to go back and rewire things everywhere.

如今，由于依赖注入需要大量的样板代码，而这些代码本身维护起来有点困难，工厂在很大程度上被忽略了。依赖注入基本上等同于工厂，但允许你以声明的方式(通过配置或注释)指定你的对象如何连接在一起。

注意!“静态工厂方法与工厂方法模式不同”(c) Effective Java, Joshua Bloch。

工厂方法:定义一个用于创建对象的接口，但是让实现该接口的类来决定实例化哪个类。Factory方法允许类延迟实例化到子类“(c) GoF”。

静态工厂方法只是一个返回类实例的静态方法。(c)有效的Java，约书亚·布洛赫。通常这个方法在一个特定的类中。

的区别:

The key idea of static factory method is to gain control over object creation and delegate it from constructor to static method. The decision of object to be created is like in Abstract Factory made outside the method (in common case, but not always). While the key (!) idea of Factory Method is to delegate decision of what instance of class to create inside Factory Method. E.g. classic Singleton implementation is a special case of static factory method. Example of commonly used static factory methods:

返回对象的值 getInstance newInstance

如果类的构造函数是私有的，那么就不能从类的外部为类创建对象。

class Test{
 int x, y;
 private Test(){
  .......
  .......
  }
}

我们不能从上面的类的外部创建一个对象。所以你不能从类外访问x y。那么这门课有什么用呢? 下面是答案:FACTORY方法。 在上面的类中添加下面的方法

public static Test getObject(){
  return new Test();
}

现在你可以在这个类的外部创建一个对象。就像……

Test t = Test.getObject();

因此，通过执行类的私有构造函数返回类对象的静态方法称为FACTORY方法。

静态工厂的优点之一是API可以返回对象，而不需要将它们的类设为public。这导致了非常紧凑的API。在java中，这是通过Collections类实现的，它隐藏了大约32个类，这使得它的集合API非常紧凑。

One of the advantages of the static factory methods with private constructor(object creation must have been restricted for external classes to ensure instances are not created externally) is that you can create instance-controlled classes. And instance-controlled classes guarantee that no two equal distinct instances exist(a.equals(b) if and only if a==b) during your program is running that means you can check equality of objects with == operator instead of equals method, according to Effective java.

The ability of static factory methods to return the same object from repeated invocations allows classes to maintain strict control over what instances exist at any time. Classes that do this are said to be instance-controlled. There are several reasons to write instance-controlled classes. Instance control allows a class to guarantee that it is a singleton (Item 3) or noninstantiable (Item 4). Also, it allows an immutable class (Item 15) to make the guarantee that no two equal instances exist: a.equals(b) if and only if a==b. If a class makes this guarantee, then its clients can use the == operator instead of the equals(Object) method, which may result in improved performance. Enum types (Item 30) provide this guarantee.

摘自Effective Java, Joshua Bloch(第1项，第6页)