我认为我们错过了另一个限制，它也会阻止新线程的创建，这是内核。pid_max极限。

root@myhost:~# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS
Release:    16.04
Codename:   xenial
root@myhost:~# uname -a
Linux myhost 4.4.0-190-generic #220-Ubuntu SMP Fri Aug 28 23:02:15 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

我发现至少在我的系统中，这个阈值核。Pid_max是32768。当我启动任何简单的JVM进程时，它会报告如下错误:

java/jstack/jstat ...
#
# There is insufficient memory for the Java Runtime Environment to continue.
# Cannot create GC thread. Out of system resources.
# An error report file with more information is saved as:
# /root/hs_err_pid1390.log

检查内存是否充足。

root@lascorehadoop-15a32:~# free -mh
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           125G         11G         41G        1.2G         72G        111G
Swap:            0B          0B          0B

检查系统线程:

~# ps -eLf|wc -l
31506

但是我用ulimit检查系统限制:

root@myhost:~# ulimit -a
core file size          (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size           (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority             (-e) 0
file size               (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals                 (-i) 515471
max locked memory       (kbytes, -l) 64
max memory size         (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files                      (-n) 98000
pipe size            (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues     (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority              (-r) 0
stack size              (kbytes, -s) 8192
cpu time               (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes              (-u) 515471
virtual memory          (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks                      (-x) unlimited

从ulimit输出中，我们可以看到当前线程数远远小于最大用户进程限制。

实际上，所达到的极限是kernel.pid_max

非常容易检查和调整: https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-linux-increase-pid-limits.html

Yes, to increase the threads number you need to increase the virtual memory or decrease the stack size. In Raspberry Pi I didn’t find a way to increase the virtual memory, if a decrease the stack size from default 8MB to 1MB It is possibly get more than 1000 threads per process but decrease the stack size with the “ulimit -s” command make this for all threads. So, my solution was use “pthread_t” instance “thread class” because the pthread_t let me set the stack size per each thread. Finally, I am available to archive more than 1000 threads per process in Raspberry Pi each one with 1MB of stack.

如果使用Suse操作系统，则需要选择其中一种方法

https://www.suse.com/support/kb/doc/?id=000015901

全球性的,

/etc/systemd/system.conf
    DefaultTasksMax=Value

对于特定的ssh服务

/etc/systemd/system/sshd.service.d/override.conf
    TasksMax=Value

要永久地固定，

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

并添加

kernel.threads-max = "value"

使用ulimit检查每个线程的堆栈大小，在我的情况下Redhat Linux 2.6:

    ulimit -a
...
    stack size              (kbytes, -s) 10240

你的每个线程将得到这个数量的内存(10MB)分配给它的堆栈。一个32位的程序，最大地址空间为4GB，最大只有4096MB / 10MB = 409个线程!!减去程序代码，减去堆空间可能会导致观察到的最大值。300个线程。

您应该能够通过在64bit上编译和运行或设置ulimit -s 8192甚至ulimit -s 4096来引发这个问题。但如果这是明智的是另一个讨论…

可以通过以下命令查看当前值- 猫/proc/sys/kernel/threads-max

您还可以像这样设置值

Echo 100500 > /proc/sys/kernel/threads-max

您设置的值将根据可用的RAM页进行检查。如果线程结构占用可用RAM页面的1/8以上，则thread-max将相应降低。