使用分支和定界的数学整数线性规划
As it has already been mentioned, this problem can be solved using integer linear programming (which is NP-Hard). Mathematica already has ILP built in. "To solve an integer linear programming problem Mathematica first solves the equational constraints, reducing the problem to one containing inequality constraints only. Then it uses lattice reduction techniques to put the inequality system in a simpler form. Finally, it solves the simplified optimization problem using a branch-and-bound method." [see Constrained Optimization Tutorial in Mathematica.. ]
我写了下面的代码,利用ILP库的Mathematica。它的速度快得惊人。
solveMatrixBombProblem[problem_, r_, c_] :=
Module[{},
bombEffect[x_, y_, m_, n_] :=
Table[If[(i == x || i == x - 1 || i == x + 1) && (j == y ||
j == y - 1 || j == y + 1), 1, 0], {i, 1, m}, {j, 1, n}];
bombMatrix[m_, n_] :=
Transpose[
Table[Table[
Part[bombEffect[(i - Mod[i, n])/n + 1, Mod[i, n] + 1, m,
n], (j - Mod[j, n])/n + 1, Mod[j, n] + 1], {j, 0,
m*n - 1}], {i, 0, m*n - 1}]];
X := x /@ Range[c*r];
sol = Minimize[{Total[X],
And @@ Thread[bombMatrix[r, c].X >= problem] &&
And @@ Thread[X >= 0] && Total[X] <= 10^100 &&
Element[X, Integers]}, X];
Print["Minimum required bombs = ", sol[[1]]];
Print["A possible solution = ",
MatrixForm[
Table[x[c*i + j + 1] /. sol[[2]], {i, 0, r - 1}, {j, 0,
c - 1}]]];]
对于问题中提供的示例:
solveMatrixBombProblem[{2, 3, 4, 7, 1, 1, 5, 2, 6, 2, 4, 3, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 4, 1, 3, 1, 3, 4, 1, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 6, 9, 1, 6, 4}, 7, 5]
输出
对于那些用贪婪算法读这篇文章的人
在下面这个10x10的问题上试试你的代码:
5 20 7 1 9 8 19 16 11 3
17 8 15 17 12 4 5 16 8 18
4 19 12 11 9 7 4 15 14 6
17 20 4 9 19 8 17 2 10 8
3 9 10 13 8 9 12 12 6 18
16 16 2 10 7 12 17 11 4 15
11 1 15 1 5 11 3 12 8 3
7 11 16 19 17 11 20 2 5 19
5 18 2 17 7 14 19 11 1 6
13 20 8 4 15 10 19 5 11 12
这里用逗号分隔:
5, 20, 7, 1, 9, 8, 19, 16, 11, 3, 17, 8, 15, 17, 12, 4, 5, 16, 8, 18, 4, 19, 12, 11, 9, 7, 4, 15, 14, 6, 17, 20, 4, 9, 19, 8, 17, 2, 10, 8, 3, 9, 10, 13, 8, 9, 12, 12, 6, 18, 16, 16, 2, 10, 7, 12, 17, 11, 4, 15, 11, 1, 15, 1, 5, 11, 3, 12, 8, 3, 7, 11, 16, 19, 17, 11, 20, 2, 5, 19, 5, 18, 2, 17, 7, 14, 19, 11, 1, 6, 13, 20, 8, 4, 15, 10, 19, 5, 11, 12
对于这个问题,我的解决方案包含208个炸弹。这里有一个可能的解决方案(我能够在大约12秒内解决这个问题)。
作为一种测试Mathematica产生结果的方法,看看你的贪婪算法是否能做得更好。